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IMAT BIOLOGY > IMAT Biology > Flashcards

IMAT Biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the basic structural unit of life?

A

The cell

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2
Q

What is the main function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

A

To provide energy

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3
Q

True or False: Lipids are hydrophobic.

A

True

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4
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino acids

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5
Q

What is the function of nucleic acids?

A

To store and transmit genetic information

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: Enzymes are biological ____________.

A

Catalysts

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7
Q

What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?

A

To provide energy

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8
Q

What is the pH scale used for?

A

To measure acidity or alkalinity

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9
Q

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

A

C6H12O6

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10
Q

What type of bond holds together the base pairs in DNA?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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11
Q

What is the primary function of DNA?

A

To store genetic information

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12
Q

What is the chemical formula for water?

A

H2O

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13
Q

What is the function of RNA in cells?

A

To help in protein synthesis

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14
Q

What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid?

A

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids have at least one double bond.

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15
Q

True or False: Proteins are polymers of nucleic acids.

A

False

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16
Q

What is the role of phospholipids in cell membranes?

A

To form a barrier and regulate what enters and exits the cell

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17
Q

What is the monomer unit of nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

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18
Q

What is the function of ribosomes in cells?

A

To synthesize proteins

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic ____________.

A

Acid

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20
Q

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

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21
Q

What is the difference between a monosaccharide and a polysaccharide?

A

Monosaccharides are single sugar units, while polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made of multiple sugar units.

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22
Q

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum in cells?

A

To help in protein and lipid synthesis

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23
Q

True or False: DNA is double-stranded and RNA is single-stranded.

A

True

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24
Q

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in cells?

A

To modify, sort, and package proteins for transport

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25
Q

What are the two types of nucleic acids found in cells?

A

DNA and RNA

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26
Q

Fill in the blank: The cell membrane is made up of a double layer of ____________.

A

Phospholipids

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27
Q

What is the function of mitochondria in cells?

A

To produce energy through cellular respiration

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28
Q

True or False: Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the body.

A

True

29
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells do.

30
Q

What is the structure of a nucleotide?

A

A phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base

31
Q

What is the function of lysosomes in cells?

A

To break down waste materials and cellular debris

32
Q

Fill in the blank: The genetic code is carried by the sequence of ____________ in DNA.

A

Nucleotides

33
Q

What is the role of the cytoskeleton in cells?

A

To provide structural support and facilitate cell movement

34
Q

True or False: Lipids are a good source of quick energy.

A

False

35
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

A

To carry out photosynthesis and produce energy

36
Q

What is the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions?

A

Anabolic reactions build complex molecules from simpler ones, while catabolic reactions break down complex molecules into simpler ones.

37
Q

Fill in the blank: The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA is transcribed into ____________, which is then translated into protein.

A

RNA

38
Q

What is the function of the nucleus in cells?

A

To store and protect the genetic material

39
Q

True or False: Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids.

A

True

40
Q

What is the role of the cell wall in plant cells?

A

To provide structural support and protection

41
Q

What is the difference between primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins?

A

Primary structure is the sequence of amino acids, secondary structure is local folding patterns, tertiary structure is the overall 3D shape, and quaternary structure is the arrangement of multiple protein subunits.

42
Q

Fill in the blank: Enzymes are specific ____________ that catalyze biochemical reactions.

A

Proteins

43
Q

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in cells?

A

To synthesize lipids and detoxify drugs

44
Q

True or False: Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides.

A

True

45
Q

What is the function of peroxisomes in cells?

A

To break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances

46
Q

What is the difference between DNA replication and transcription?

A

DNA replication copies the entire DNA molecule, while transcription copies a specific gene into RNA.

47
Q

Fill in the blank: The genetic information in DNA is stored in the sequence of ____________.

A

Nucleotides

48
Q

What is the function of flagella in cells?

A

To facilitate cell movement

49
Q

True or False: RNA is involved in protein synthesis.

A

True

50
Q

What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?

A

Endocytosis is the process of taking in materials by the cell, while exocytosis is the process of releasing materials from the cell.

51
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus in cells?

A

To produce ribosomes

52
Q

Fill in the blank: The ____________ theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotic organisms that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

A

Endosymbiotic

53
Q

What is the difference between a codon and an anticodon?

A

A codon is a three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that codes for an amino acid, while an anticodon is a three-nucleotide sequence in tRNA that binds to the codon during translation.

54
Q

What is the function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

A

To store water, nutrients, and waste products

55
Q

True or False: Lipids are important components of cell membranes.

A

True

56
Q

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

A

Transcription is the process of copying a gene into RNA, while translation is the process of synthesizing a protein from mRNA.

57
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of converting glucose into ATP is called ____________.

A

Cellular respiration

58
Q

What is the function of microtubules in cells?

A

To provide structural support and facilitate cell division

59
Q

True or False: Carbohydrates are mainly found in animal-derived foods.

A

False

60
Q

What is the difference between a DNA and RNA nucleotide?

A

RNA nucleotides have uracil instead of thymine found in DNA nucleotides.

61
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in cells?

A

To synthesize and process proteins

62
Q

What is the difference between a purine and a pyrimidine?

A

Purines have a double-ring structure, while pyrimidines have a single-ring structure.

63
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of photosynthesis converts ____________ into glucose and oxygen.

A

Carbon dioxide and water

64
Q

What is the function of centrioles in cells?

A

To organize the microtubules during cell division

65
Q

True or False: Proteins are involved in nearly every function of a cell.

A

True

66
Q

What is the difference between a gene and a chromosome?

A

A gene is a specific sequence of DNA that codes for a protein, while a chromosome is a structure made of DNA and proteins that carries many genes.

67
Q

What is the function of the extracellular matrix in cells?

A

To provide structural support and regulate cell behavior

68
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down glucose into ATP without oxygen is called ____________.

A

Anaerobic respiration

IMAT BIOLOGY (1 decks)

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