Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fundamentals of Neuroscience > Imaging the Nervous System > Flashcards

Imaging the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we visualise cells of the nervous system? (3)

A
  1. Cell Morphology
  2. Cell Projections and Connections
  3. Protein Expression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does a fluorescent microscope work? (5)

A
  • Excitationlight is shoneonto thesample
  • Excitation filterdetermineswavelength of excitationlight
  • Excitation light isabsorbedby the fluorescent tag
  • Electronsareexcited
  • Emissionlight isreleasedas the electrons relax
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does a confocal microscope work? (6)

A
  • Excitationlight from a laser is shoneonto thesample
  • Excitation pinholecreates a verynarrow beam of the excitation lightonto the sample
  • Excitation light isabsorbedby thefluorescent tag in particularplane offield
  • Electronsareexcited
  • Emissionlight isreleasedas theelectrons relax
  • Emission filteris selective for the lightemitted from thespecific plane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does SEM allow us to see? And Why?

A
  • 3D image of surface
  • Electronsbounceof the surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does TEM allow us to see? And why?

A
  • Internal structure
  • Electronspass throughsample
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is tissue prepared for viewing? (6)

A
  1. Tissue is harvested and preserved by being snap freezing (straight into liquid nitrogen, prevents ice crystals) or chemically fixed e.g. PFA.
  2. Tissue is cut whilst frozen (easily) or if chemically fixed it is then embedded in wax or resin. A Microtome or cryostat is used to cut the tissue. µm thick.
  3. Tissue is mounted onto a glass slide (Snap frozen tissue is chemically fixed e.g. PFA)
  4. Staining
  5. Coverslip
  6. Image
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What colour is Hematoxylin?

A

Dark blue/Violet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What charge does Hematoxylin have?

A

Positively charged/basic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does Hematoxylin bind to?

A
  • Binds tonegativelychargedDNAandRNAin thenucleus
  • Binds to negatively chargedRNAin theroughendoplasmic reticulum(RER)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What colour is Eosin?

A

Pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What charge does Eosin have?

A

Negatively charged/acidic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does Eosin bind to?

A

Binds topositivelychargedamino acid sidechainsin thecytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the other names for Nissl Stain?

A

aniline, thionine, orcresylviolet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What colour is Nissl Stain?

A

Dark blue/Violet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What charge does Nissl Stain have?

A

Positively charged/basic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does Nissl Stain bind to?

A
  • Binds tonegativelychargedDNAandRNAin thenucleus
  • Binds to negatively chargedRNAin therough endoplasmic reticulum(RER)
17
Q

What colour is Golgi Stain?

A

Black

18
Q

How does the Golgi Stain stain tissue?

A

Impregnates tissue withpotassium dichromate andsilver nitrate

19
Q

What colour is Osmic Acid?

A

Black

20
Q

What does Osmic Acid bind to?

A

Binds to lipids, myelin is a fatty sheath.

21
Q

What is another use of Osmic Acid?

A

A fixative for tissue in Electron Microscopy.

22
Q

What is immunohistochemistry?

A

Uses Antibodies which are fluorescent as it can be tagged with an enzyme to form an enzyme complex which can produce a dye precipitate in the presence of its substrate as it binds to the protein\antigen of interest. Therefore antibodies can be used as cell markers and to view protein expression.

23
Q

How are antibodies produced for immunohistochemistry?

A
  • Antibody raised against antigenofinterest
  • Antigen introducedto animal
  • Stimulatesimmune responseandantibody production
  • Collectand purify antibodies
24
Q

What is direct immunohistochemistry?

A

Single antibody binds directly to the antigen and are tagged with fluorophore or an enzyme complex.

25
Q

What is Indirect immunohistochemistry?

A

Signal amplification.
Uses two antibodies - a primary and secondary.
- The primary antibody binds directly to the antigen.
- The secondary antibody binds to the primary antibody and is tagged with fluorophore or an enzyme complex

26
Q

How is the antigen named?

A

Name of antigen e.g., GFAP

27
Q

How is the primary antigen named?

A

Animal that produced it anti-antigen E.g., Rabbit anti-GFAP.

28
Q

How is the secondary antigen named?

A

Animal that produced it anti- animal that produced primary antibodies e.g., Donkey anti-rabbit.

Fundamentals of Neuroscience (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions