Imaging the GI Tract Flashcards
Where must an abdominal X-ray include?
1 -clavicle to pubic ramus
2 - diaphragm to pubic ramus
3 - diaphragm to ASIS
4 - clavicle to ASIS
2 - diaphragm to pubic ramus
- should include superior diaphragms
When analysing an abdominal X-ray, what is the first thing we should do?
1 - assess for air in image
2 - confirm correct patient
3 - assess bowel position
4 - assess dense structures
2 - confirm correct patient
When analysing an abdominal X-ray, following the confirmation of the correct patient, we perform A, B, D, O and X. What does the A stand for?
1 - assess for air in image
2 - confirm correct patient
3 - assess bowel position
4 - assess dense structures
1 - assess for air in image
- air in correct place
- air in the incorrect place
When analysing an abdominal X-ray, following the confirmation of the correct patient, we perform A, B, D, O and X. What does the B stand for?
1 - assess for air in image
2 - confirm correct patient
3 - assess bowel position
4 - assess dense structures
3 - assess bowel position
- size of bowel
- position of bowel
- thickness of bowel
When analysing an abdominal X-ray, following the confirmation of the correct patient, we perform A, B, D, O and X. What does the D stand for?
1 - assess for air in image
2 - confirm correct patient
3 - assess bowel position
4 - assess dense structures
4 - assess dense structures
- structure density
- calcifications
- bones
When analysing an abdominal X-ray, following the confirmation of the correct patient, we perform A, B, D, O and X. What does the D stand for?
1 - assess for air in image
2 - assess organs and soft tissues
3 - assess bowel position
4 - assess dense structures
2 - assess organs and soft tissues
When analysing an abdominal X-ray, following the confirmation of the correct patient, we perform A, B, D, O and X. What does the D stand for?
1 - assess for air in image
2 - assess organs and soft tissues
3 - assess bowel position
4 - assess external objects and artefacts
4 - assess external objects and artefacts
Out of the small bowel, caecum and large bowel, which is 3, 6 and 9cm in normal diameter?
- 3 = small intestines
- 6 = large intestines
- 9 = caecum
What is the name given to the loops within the small intestines?
1 - valvulae conniventes
2 - hauastra
3 - tenia coli
4 - mesentery
1 - valvulae conniventes
- looks like stack of coins
- go all the way round the small bowel
Is gas commonly seen in the small bowel?
- no
What is the name given to the loops within the large intestines?
1 - valvulae conniventes
2 - hauastra
3 - tenia coli
4 - mesentery
2 - hauastra
- goes around large bowel partially
What is often the 1st imaging modality of choice of the abdomen?
1 - CT with IV contrast
2 - CT/MRI with oral contrast
3 - CT colonoscopy
4 - X-ray
4 - X-ray
What is riglers sign?
1 - gas in the bladder
2 - dilated small bowel
3 - double wall sign
4 - twisted mesentery
3 - double wall sign
- a sign of pneumoperitoneum
- gas outline both sides of the bowel wall (inside lumen and outside bowel)
- common in pneumoperitoneum (>1000 mL)
What is the name given to the way an X-ray appears in a sigmoid volvulus?
1 - caecal volvulus
2 - coffee bean sign
3 - riglers sign
4 - courvoisier’s sign
2 - coffee bean sign
What is the name given to the way an X-ray appears in a caecal volvulus?
1 - embryo volvulus
2 - coffee bean sign
3 - riglers sign
4 - courvoisier’s sign
1 - embryo volvulus
- also referred to as the bird beak sign
What is intussuception?
1 - bowel twists on itself
2 - bowel telescopes back on itself
3 - narrowing of bowel
4 - abscess formed in small bowel
2 - bowel telescopes back on itself
- ultrasound often 1st line diagnosis
- often seen as a bulls eye target
Intussusception is the folding of the bowel inside itself like a telescope. Which group of patients is this most common in?
1 - older males
2 - young children
3 - middle aged women
4 - older women
2 - young children
- can be confirmed using soluble barium enema
In an appendicitis we may see something called an appendicolith. What is this?
1 - calcified deposit in appendix
2 - appendix wall dilation
3 - appendix rupture
4 - stricture at base of appendix
1 - calcified deposit in appendix
In an patient with IBD, what is often the most common thing to see on an abdominal X-ray?
1 - thinning of bowel wall
2 - no haustra at all
3 - thickening of bowel wall that resembles thumb printing
4 - narrowing of large bowel
3 - thickening of bowel wall that resembles thumb printing
Weighted T1 and T2 are essentially two different types of MRI images that can be generation. Of T1 and T2, which generates light images which contain water?
- CSF in image contains no fat
- in T1 it appear black
- in T2 it appears white
- World War II = Water is White on a T2
MRI enterography can be used to assess crohns disease. In the image below we can see the image following ingestion of mannitol, a hyperosmolar solution. Why does the fluid appear lighted in the bowel in T2?
1 - fluid has spent longer in bowel in T2
2 - T2 detects fat better
3 - T2 detects fat and water
3 - T2 detects fat and water
- fluid is drawn into the bowel by mannitol and then detected during T2
In thre image below, from left to right, which is sagittal, transverse (axial) and coronal?
- left to right
- transverse (axial), sagittal and coronal?
