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Yr 3 - Radiology > Imaging techniques > Flashcards

Imaging techniques Flashcards

1
Q

What is an intraoral imaging technique?

A

Where the image receptor is placed inside the mouth

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2
Q

What are the benefits of intraoral imaging?

A

Small area imaged Good detail

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3
Q

What are the different types of extra oral imaging?

A

Panoramic Lateral cephalometric Oblique lateral (Posteroanterior mandible & occipitomental)

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4
Q

What is extra oral Imaging?

A

When image receptor is placed outside of the mouth

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5
Q

What are the disadvantages of extra oral imaging?

A

Need larger films Larger area imaged

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6
Q

What does a periapical show?

A

Shows 2-3 teeth from crown to apex and surrounding apical tissue

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7
Q

Which size film do you use to do a periapical of the anterior teeth?

A

0/1 Only need to see 2/3 teeth

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8
Q

Which size film do we use for posterior periapicals?

A

Larger (I.e.3) Shows 4 sometimes 5 teeth

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9
Q

How is the image receptor held in place for a periapical?

A

With a film holder Bite block at bottom or top of film

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10
Q

What is the technique we use for posterior periapicals?

A

Paralleling

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11
Q

What are the different types of intraoral imaging techniques?

A

Peri apicals Bite wings Occlusals

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12
Q

What does a bitewing radiograph show?

A

The crowns of upper and lower premolars, first and second molars (8 teeth in total) on a single film

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13
Q

What are bitewings mainly used for?

A

Caries diagnosis (Usually done in pairs I.e left and right)

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14
Q

How is the image receptor held in place for bitewings?

A

With film holder Bite block in middle of plate (half of film above and below midline)

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15
Q

What is a vertical bitewing?

A

Same as a bitewing but image receptor is placed vertically = shows more root but fewer teeth (shows bone loss - unless major!)

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16
Q

What is an occlusal radiograph?

A

An extra oral image taken in the occlusal plane between the upper and lower teeth to image either the upper or lower teeth = especially useful for anterior teeth in palate

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17
Q

What do occlusal radiographs show?

A

The upper or lower teeth (larger area than bite wings and periapicals N.b. There are different types

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18
Q

What extra protection should be used when performing lower occlusals?

A

A thyroid collar as the thyroid is in the path of the X-ray beam

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19
Q

What are the other names for a panoramic radiograph?

A

DPT OPG

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20
Q

What is the name of the machine used to take panoramic radiographs?

A

Orthopantomagraph

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21
Q

What does a panoramic radiograph show?

A

All teeth and supporting structured in a single image

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22
Q

In the orthopantomograph where is the patient positioned?

A

In the centre while the unit moves around the head (X-ray tube on one side and image receptor on the other)

23
Q

Why do we use a bite peg when taking a panoramic?

A

So teeth aren’t overlapped

24
Q

Why do we use a frame when taking a panoramic?

A

Keep head still

25
Q

How long does it take to do a whole panoramic?

A

approx 18 seconds

26
Q

What does a lateral cephalometric facial bones (Lat ceph) scan show?

A

A lateral view of the facial bones and jaw Shows the relationship of the upper and lower arches, the inclination of incisors (proclined or inclined) and the soft tissue outline

27
Q

When are Lat cephs often used?

A

Orthognathic surgery (broken jaw)

28
Q

How is a lat ceph taken?

A

Patient is positioned using the cephalostat = head in true lateral position) = things to go in ear and on top of nose

29
Q

Why is it important a patients in the true lateral position when taking a Lat ceph?

A

So any changes in repeated Lat cephs are due to the procedures carried out and not just different positioning of the patient

30
Q

What does an oblique lateral show?

A

Upper and lower posterior teeth on one side at the same time

31
Q

When are oblique laterals often used?

A

Rarely first choice Used for children and disabled people (Can’t cope with the size of a periapical or stay still for long enough)

32
Q

How is oblique lateral taken?

A

The side of interest is placed against the image receptor with the face turned towards it

33
Q

What is a posterior anterior mandible?

A

A face on view of the mandible Advantage: can see displacement in posteriors you can’t see in panoramic Patients chin is down with the nose and forehead touching the plate and the X-ray comes from behind

34
Q

For radiographs taken through the head which structures need to be out of the way of the area of interest?

A

The dense structures of the base of the skull (petrous ridges and occiput)

35
Q

What is an occipitomental radiograph?

A

Gives a view of the facial bones and zygomatic arches Patient raised the chin

36
Q

Which other imaging techniques are there?

A

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) Computed tomography (CT) Ultrasound Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Radionuclide imaging

37
Q

What is a cone beam computed tomography?

A

Gives images on multiple planes Good for bone not soft tissue (a form of ct specially developed for bones and faces) Rotates around head pulsing beams as it goes Different sizes I.e 4cm for single tooth or 6 cm for whole face

38
Q

What is a computed tomography?

A

Gives image in multiple planes Good for both bones and soft tissue A fan shaped narrow beam moves around patient as the table they are laid on moves into gantry = a series of axial images = 3D reconstruction of data reduces the problem of superimposition

39
Q

What is an ultrasound?

A

No ionising radiation Probe gives off high frequency sound waves = reflected back at the interfaces between different tissues and this is picked up but the probe = produces image

40
Q

When are ultrasounds used in dentistry?

A

Used for salivary glands, thyroid and neck lumps

41
Q

Why do we use accousyic jelly in ultrasounds?

A

Sound waves don’t travel well through air so couples to the probe

42
Q

What is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?

A

Strong magnetic field lines up the protons in the hydrogen atoms in the water in our body, short bursts of radio waves knock them out of alignment and as they realign their rotation induced and electric signal in the receiving coil Distinguished between tissue types Produces images on multiple planes Very good for soft tissue imaging Does not use ionising radiation

43
Q

What’s radionuclide imaging?

A

Uses pharmaceutical attached to radioisotope = small amout introduced into patients body Different pharmaceutical agents go to different parts/ organs of the body Radioactive part emits gamma rays = detected by gamma camera Shows the functioning of the organ you are trying to look at I.e. TMJ problems and cancer patients E.g. Bone scintigraphy scan

44
Q

What type of radiograph is this?

A

A periapical

45
Q

What type of radiograph is this?

A

Horizontal bitewings

46
Q

What type of radiograph is this?

A

Vertical bitewing

47
Q

What type of radiograph is this?

A

Occlusal

48
Q

What type of radiograph is this?

A

Panoramic

49
Q

What type of radiograph is this?

A

Lateral Cephalometric (Lat Ceph)

50
Q

What type of radiograph is this?

A

Oblique Lateral

51
Q

What type of radiograph is this?

A

Postero-anterior madible

52
Q

What type of radiograph is this?

A

Occipitomental

53
Q

What type of radiograph is this?

A

Cone beam CT

54
Q

What type of imaging is this?

A

Ultrasound

Yr 3 - Radiology (9 decks)

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