Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Week 10 -GI > Imaging of the GI tract > Flashcards

Imaging of the GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the modalities used to image the liver?

A
  • Ultrasound
  • CT
  • MRI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the pros and cons of the use of ultrasound to image the liver?

A

Pros:
•Repeatable
•Quick
•No radiation

Cons:
•Variable quality
•Least sensitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the pros and cons of using CT to image the liver?

A

Pros:
• fast
•Reproducable

Cons:
•Limited sensitivity
•Radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the pros and cons of using MRI to image the liver?

A

Pros:
•Most sensitive and specific

Cons:
•Slow
•More patient dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the first line for imaging the liver?

A

Ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the normal outline of the liver as seen on ultrasound?

A

Smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the classical shape of a cirrhotic liver?

A
  • Enlarged caudate lobe
  • Enlarged lateral left lobe
  • Shrunken medial left lobe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the normal echogenicity of the liver on ultrasound

A

homogeneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the signs of portal hypertension on ultrasound?

A
  • Splenomegaly
  • Varices - recanalised umbilical vein
  • Ascites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can you use to measure liver stiffness?

A

US eleastography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the liver in this ultrasound image

A

Irregular margin, heterogenous nodular liver texture, indicative of cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Discuss this ultrasound image

A
  • Reversal of portal vein blood flow
  • Dark space above the liver = ascites
  • Relatively normal liver edge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most common cause of a bright liver on ultrasound?

A

Fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Compare the brightness of the liver and the kidney in an ultrasound image

A
  • Similar colours
  • Renal cortex of the kidney is meant to be a bit brighter than the liver
  • If the renal cortex is much darker this indicated a bright liver suggesting fatty liver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can mimic liver metastases on MRI?

A

Focal fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the benign causes of focal liver disease/lesions?

A
  • Cysts
  • Haemangiomas
  • focal nodular hyperplasia
  • Adenoma
17
Q

What are the malignant causes of focal liver disease/lesions?

A
  • Metastases
  • Hepatocellualr carcinoma
  • Cholangiocaricnoma
18
Q

Describe a cyst on ultrasound

A

Black, regular border

19
Q

Describe cysts on CT

A

Well defined, dark, dense (if it contains protein and is denser than normal, it may mimic other lesions)

20
Q

Describe the appearance of cysts on MRI imaging

A
  • T2 weighting: fluid within the cyst is bright

* T1 weighting: fluid is dark

21
Q

What is the appearance of a haemangioma on ultrasound?

A
  • Round
  • Slightly bright
  • If round, <3cm and haemogenously bright then almost definitely a haemangioma
  • it can appear darker, especially if the liver is brighter i.e. in fatty liver
22
Q

How can you test if something is a hemangioma?

A
  • MRI
  • inject contrast into patients vein
  • will be patches of bright as you continue to image due to infiltration into the haemangioma
23
Q

What lesion on ultrasound is suspicious of a metastases?

A

Round dark lesion s

24
Q

Describe the appearance of cholangiocarcinoma on MRI

A
  • Ill defined
  • Can draw in the liver capsule
  • Hypovascular so don’t tend to become bright on contrast until much later on
25
Q

What is the first line imaging for the biliary tract?

A

Ultrasound

26
Q

If there is no evidence of stones but the common duct is dilated and the patient is jaundiced, what should you do?

A

CT them to check for pancreatic cancer

27
Q

How is the small bowel imaged?

A
  • CT and MR enterogrpahy

* both require good patient cooperation including the ability to drink (to distend the bowel)

28
Q

Describe imaging of the large bowel

A
  • CT colonography
  • Bowel cleansing and tagging with iodine
  • bowel distension with CO2
  • Suprine +/- prone cT scans with IV contrast
  • conventional 2D CT read
  • CGI images for 3D read (virtual colonoscopy)
29
Q
A

Renal cortex appears much darker than the liver suggesting fatty liver

30
Q

What does this image show?

A

A cyst

31
Q

What does this CT image show?

A

Cyst

32
Q

What is indicated on this MRI scan (L= T2, R=T1)

A

Cyst

33
Q

What is indicated in this ultrasound image?

A

Haemangioma

34
Q

What does this ultrasound image show?

A

Dark round lesions in the liver suspicious of metastases

35
Q

What is shown in this ultrasound?

A

Gallstones in the gallbladder

36
Q

What is shown in this ultrasound?

A

Gallstone in an inflamed gallbladder (thickened wall)

Week 10 -GI (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions