Imaging - Endoscopy Flashcards
What are the clinical applications of endoscopy?
- FB removal. - Bronchoscopy. - GI tract investigations. - BAL (Bronchio alveolar lavage). - Oesophagus investigations (megaoesophagus). - Biopsies. - Ex-lap. - Airway ops. - Colonoscopy. - To help intubate (EQ). - Arthroscopy. - Laproscopic spays. - Tenoscopy (Look at tendons, EQ). - Cystoscopy. - Rhinoscopy. - Dentals.
- Trying to look at an area without making an incision.
What are the features of a basic endoscope?
- Hand piece.
- Control centre.
- Insertion tube.
What is the hand piece for?
- Is the entrance to the accessory channel.
- Suction/insufflation valves are on here.
- Water for washing the lens is here too.
What is the control centre on the hand piece for?
- Directional aids to guide the endoscope.
- Controls for water, suction and inflation.
- Entrance hole for introduction of accessories.
What is the insertion tube?
- the tube that is inserted into the patient.
What are the 2 types of endoscope?
- Rigid
- Flexible
What sort of things would you use the flexible endoscope for?
- Airways, GI tract, colonoscopy, tracheal washes.
What can a flexible endoscope do that a rigid one can’t?
- Turn the tip/camera end in different directions to look at other structures/areas that you may have passed.
What might you use a fixed endoscope for?
- Arthroscopy, rhinoscopy, laparoscopic spays.
What are the 2 types of flexible endoscope?
- Fiberscope
- Videoendoscope.
What are the components to an endoscope?
- Light source
- Insufflation - essential for GI endoscope to maintain open lumen for inspection.
- irrigation - Positive pressure forces fluid through the insertion tube to clean the lens.
- Suction.
- Monitor.
What do you do for handling and care with an endoscope?
- leak test.
- Wipe clean as soon as you finish with it before doing full clean.
- Flush accessory channel with enzymatic cleaner.
- rinse thoroughly.
What shouldn’t you do?
- Drop them
- Bend them
- Leave over doors
- Pack whilst wet
- Drown them
What is the main difference between a fiberscope and a videoendoscope?
- Fiberscope you can only look through the eye piece and a videoendoscope you can get a monitor and stand for or connect to laptop.
If you inflate the abdomen during endoscopy what should you do at the end of the procedure?
- Remove the air!
Where does the suction track through and removed water end up?
- tracked through the umbilical cord and ends up in the reservoirs. Remove water from reservoirs and clean.
What are some examples of instruments for the accessory channels during endoscopy?
- Biopsy forceps
- Loop snare
- Forked jaw graspers
- Raptor forceps
- Alligator forceps
What are some considerations for biopsy taking?
- Try to cause minimal trauma to the patient and sample being taken.
- Have correct preservative/pots ready and labelled.
- Can use cytology brush to get cytology sample rather than take whole sample.
What is endoscopy doubled up as?
- a diagnostic tool and a treatment option.
What is the patient prep for a gastroscope? - SA
- Starve them
- GA
- I/V access, pre-med checks for GA.
And what is the prep for equine?
- Starve them and remove water.
- Sedate them unless looking for laryngeal paralysis.
what is the patient prep for arthroscopy?
- Same as above but for equine, clip/clean and wash are before taking them to anaesthetics (doing this before GA reduces anaesthetic time).
- Remove hair etc.
What would you do to prepare for a colonoscopy?
- Give an enema/laxative before.
- Client compliance - Are they going to give this themselves before coming to practice?
What is a colonoscopy looking at?
- Colon to small intestine.
In terms of equine stocks, what are these?
- metal cage, put the horse in and the front and back comes off.
What are the pros and cons of using stocks?
- PRO - can be good for fiesty horses.
- CONS - Can be broken.
- Must shut the door properly to prevent escape.
- False sense of security - can still kick through them.
- Horse can panic and they can be quite claustrophobic so small spaces aren’t ideal and can cause self trauma.
what can you do with an endoscope in racehorses to investigate changes in their performance?
- Put endoscope in bridle headpiece and into nose to look at larynx throughout racing.
