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Diagnostics > Imaging - Endoscopy > Flashcards

Imaging - Endoscopy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical applications of endoscopy?

A
  • FB removal. - Bronchoscopy. - GI tract investigations. - BAL (Bronchio alveolar lavage). - Oesophagus investigations (megaoesophagus). - Biopsies. - Ex-lap. - Airway ops. - Colonoscopy. - To help intubate (EQ). - Arthroscopy. - Laproscopic spays. - Tenoscopy (Look at tendons, EQ). - Cystoscopy. - Rhinoscopy. - Dentals.
  • Trying to look at an area without making an incision.
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2
Q

What are the features of a basic endoscope?

A
  • Hand piece.
  • Control centre.
  • Insertion tube.
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3
Q

What is the hand piece for?

A
  • Is the entrance to the accessory channel.
  • Suction/insufflation valves are on here.
  • Water for washing the lens is here too.
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4
Q

What is the control centre on the hand piece for?

A
  • Directional aids to guide the endoscope.
  • Controls for water, suction and inflation.
  • Entrance hole for introduction of accessories.
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5
Q

What is the insertion tube?

A
  • the tube that is inserted into the patient.
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6
Q

What are the 2 types of endoscope?

A
  • Rigid

- Flexible

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7
Q

What sort of things would you use the flexible endoscope for?

A
  • Airways, GI tract, colonoscopy, tracheal washes.
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8
Q

What can a flexible endoscope do that a rigid one can’t?

A
  • Turn the tip/camera end in different directions to look at other structures/areas that you may have passed.
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9
Q

What might you use a fixed endoscope for?

A
  • Arthroscopy, rhinoscopy, laparoscopic spays.
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10
Q

What are the 2 types of flexible endoscope?

A
  • Fiberscope

- Videoendoscope.

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11
Q

What are the components to an endoscope?

A
  • Light source
  • Insufflation - essential for GI endoscope to maintain open lumen for inspection.
  • irrigation - Positive pressure forces fluid through the insertion tube to clean the lens.
  • Suction.
  • Monitor.
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12
Q

What do you do for handling and care with an endoscope?

A
  • leak test.
  • Wipe clean as soon as you finish with it before doing full clean.
  • Flush accessory channel with enzymatic cleaner.
  • rinse thoroughly.
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13
Q

What shouldn’t you do?

A
  • Drop them
  • Bend them
  • Leave over doors
  • Pack whilst wet
  • Drown them
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14
Q

What is the main difference between a fiberscope and a videoendoscope?

A
  • Fiberscope you can only look through the eye piece and a videoendoscope you can get a monitor and stand for or connect to laptop.
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15
Q

If you inflate the abdomen during endoscopy what should you do at the end of the procedure?

A
  • Remove the air!
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16
Q

Where does the suction track through and removed water end up?

A
  • tracked through the umbilical cord and ends up in the reservoirs. Remove water from reservoirs and clean.
17
Q

What are some examples of instruments for the accessory channels during endoscopy?

A
  • Biopsy forceps
  • Loop snare
  • Forked jaw graspers
  • Raptor forceps
  • Alligator forceps
18
Q

What are some considerations for biopsy taking?

A
  • Try to cause minimal trauma to the patient and sample being taken.
  • Have correct preservative/pots ready and labelled.
  • Can use cytology brush to get cytology sample rather than take whole sample.
19
Q

What is endoscopy doubled up as?

A
  • a diagnostic tool and a treatment option.
20
Q

What is the patient prep for a gastroscope? - SA

A
  • Starve them
  • GA
  • I/V access, pre-med checks for GA.
21
Q

And what is the prep for equine?

A
  • Starve them and remove water.

- Sedate them unless looking for laryngeal paralysis.

22
Q

what is the patient prep for arthroscopy?

A
  • Same as above but for equine, clip/clean and wash are before taking them to anaesthetics (doing this before GA reduces anaesthetic time).
  • Remove hair etc.
23
Q

What would you do to prepare for a colonoscopy?

A
  • Give an enema/laxative before.

- Client compliance - Are they going to give this themselves before coming to practice?

24
Q

What is a colonoscopy looking at?

A
  • Colon to small intestine.
25
Q

In terms of equine stocks, what are these?

A
  • metal cage, put the horse in and the front and back comes off.
26
Q

What are the pros and cons of using stocks?

A
  • PRO - can be good for fiesty horses.
  • CONS - Can be broken.
    - Must shut the door properly to prevent escape.
    - False sense of security - can still kick through them.
    - Horse can panic and they can be quite claustrophobic so small spaces aren’t ideal and can cause self trauma.
27
Q

what can you do with an endoscope in racehorses to investigate changes in their performance?

A
  • Put endoscope in bridle headpiece and into nose to look at larynx throughout racing.

Diagnostics (8 decks)

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