Imaging

Question 0

MRI with gadolinium contrast useful for finding?

Answer 0

#Brain tumors
#Abscesses
#Multiple sclerosis lesions

Question 1

T1 vs T2 MRI?

Answer 1

Fat is bright versus water is bright

Question 2

susceptibility-weighted sequence on MRI sensitive for?

Answer 2

#Bone
#Calcium
#Ferritin/hemosiderin

Question 3

Size of brain waves?

Answer 3

Beta – over 13 Hz
Alpha – 8-13 Hz
Theta – 4-7 Hz
Delta under 4 Hz

Question 4

When are each of the different types of brain waves seen?

Answer 4

Alpha – relaxed, awake with eyes closed
Beta –
Theta/Delta – drowsiness and sleep

Question 5

Presence of diffuse theta or Delta waves suggest?

Answer 5

Encephalopathy

Question 6

Overview of nerve conduction study?

Answer 6

Apply electrical stimulus over nerve and record from skin electrodes

Question 7

What is measured in a nerve conduction study?

Answer 7

#Distal latency
#Compound muscle action potential (contraction of the muscle)
#Conduction velocity

Question 8

Muscle activation versus recruitment?

Reduced activation seen in the diseases?

Reduced recruitment seen in what diseases?

Answer 8

Motor units fire more frequently

Motor units are added

CNS disease versus myopathic disease

Question 9

Specific electromyography findings in neurogenic versus myopathic disorders? (Regarding insertional activity, spontaneous activity, motor unit potentials, recruitment)

Answer 9

#Increased insertional activity
#Increased spontaneous activity
#Large amplitude/polyphasic motor potentials
#Reduced recruitment

#Normal insertional activity (increased if necrotizing)
#Normal spontaneous activity (increased if necrotizing)
#Small amplitude/polyphasic motor potentials
#Normal recruitment

Question 10

Nerve conduction study findings in demyelinating versus axonal neuropathies? (Regarding distal latency, conduction velocity, compound muscle action potential)

Answer 10

#Prolonged distal latency
#Reduced conduction velocity
#Normal/mildly reduced compound muscle action potential

#Normal/long distal latency
#Normal/slow conduction velocity
#Reduced compound muscle action potential