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imaging Flashcards

1
Q

The energy imparted by ionizing radiation per unit mass of irradiated material

the units are the gray and the rad

A

absorbed dose

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2
Q

Making every reasonable effort to maintain exposures to radiation as far below the dose limits as practical

A

as low as reasonably achievable ( alara)

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3
Q

any machine utilizing rays for examination of the microscopic structure, elemental or chemical composition of materials

A

Analytical x ray machine or equipment

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4
Q

A device which provides a means to restrict the dimensions of the x ray field (collimator)

A

beam-limiting device

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5
Q

Radiation from cosmic sources: naturally occurring radioactive materials, including radon and global fallout as it exists in the environment from the testing of nuclear explosive devices

A

Background radiation

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6
Q

The authorization by the Illinois emergency management agency of an individual to perform industrial radiography in Illinois

A

Certification

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7
Q

CFR

A

code of federal regulations

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8
Q

The dose equivalent at a tissue depth of 1 cm from external whole body exposure

A

Deep dose equivalent

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9
Q

Irradiation by ionizing radiation, or radioactive material

A

Exposure

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10
Q

Portion of the dose equivalent, received from any source of radiation outside the body

A

External dose

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11
Q

Any area accessible to individuals in which radiation levels from radiation sources external to the body could result an individual receiving a dose equivalent, in excess of 1MSV in one hour at 30 cm from any source of radiation

A

High radiation area

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12
Q

Radiation that does not produce ionization such a sound, radio waves, visible infrared, and ultraviolet light

A

Non-ionizing radiation

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13
Q

the dose received by an individual in the course of employment

A

Occupational dose

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14
Q

Gamma, rays and x-rays, alpha and beta particles, high-speed electrons, neutrons, protons and other nuclear particles, or electromagnetic radiation is capable of producing ions, directly or indirectly in the passage through matter

A

Ionizing radiation or just radiation

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15
Q

An individual who has the knowledge and responsibility to apply appropriate radiation protection regulations, and has been assigned such responsibility by the licensee or registrant

A

Radiation, safety officer

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16
Q

Unit of dose equivalent. The dose equivalent in this does equivalent is equal to the absorbed dose in rad multiplied by the quality factor.

One of these equals 0.01sv

A

REM

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17
Q

Unit of exposure

A

Roentgen

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18
Q

The unit of dose equivalent in this is equal to the absorbed dose in gray multiplied by the quality factor

1sv= 100 REM

A

Sievert unit of dose equivalent

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19
Q

Adjustable beam-limiting or attenuating device usually made of lead fixed to an x-ray tube housing to intercept or collimate the useful beam

A

Shutter

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20
Q

For Purpose of external exposure (head, trunk, including male gonads, arms above the elbow or legs above the knee

A

Whole body

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21
Q

An artifact in digital imaging, caused by an under sampling, or inadequate sampling of incoming data

A

Aliasing

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22
Q

A reduction in the energy of the primary x-ray beam as it passes through matter by scattering absorption and photon transmission

A

Attenuation

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23
Q

Perpendicular to the long axis of the body, structure or parts

A

Axial

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24
Q

Divides the body into upper and lower, (superior and posterior) portions, or any transverse plane that forms right angles to the longitudinal plane

A

Axial or horizontal plane

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25
Q

A radioopaque substance used in fluoroscopy procedures as a contrast medium to aid in diagnosis

A

 Barium sulfate

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26
Q

Receptor that holds the cassette (may be in the table or upright)

A

Bucky

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27
Q

Device used to measure the thickness of a body part

A

Caliper

28
Q

The positively charged side of an x-ray tube, which contains tungsten is also the target that has a high ability to withstand heat

A

Anode -positive

29
Q

Negatively charge side of the x-ray, to which house is the filament and focusing cup is also the source of electrons

A

Cathode- negative

30
Q

A way from the front of the body towards the tail

A

Caudal

31
Q

Towards the head of the body

A

Cranial

32
Q

Being restricted consisting of led shutters, that are right angles to one another, moving in pairs of top and bottom or side to side

Automatic version is known as the positive bean limiting device

Reduces scatter radiation

A

Collimator

33
Q

Any longitudinal plane divides the body into dorsal and ventral sections

A

Coronal or dorsal plane

34
Q

Amount of blackness on a radiograph

A

Density

mAs

35
Q

Geometric property of image quality

It is the degree of geometric sharpness and accuracy recorded in the image

Also known as definition, sharpness, or spatial resolution

A

Detail

36
Q

Digital imaging and communications in medicine

Computer software for digital imaging programs

A

DICOM

37
Q

Towards the foot away from the body

A

Distal

38
Q

A misrepresentation of object’s shape, or size on a radiograph

A

Distortion

39
Q

Toward the spine,

when referring to the foot, it means the front of the foot

A

Dorsal

40
Q

Describes a projection from the front of the foot to the back of the rear foot

A

Dorso plantar

41
Q

Describes a projection from the front of the foot to the back of the front foot

A

Dorsopalmar

42
Q

Real time, live, or a functional study

A

Dynamic

43
Q

The contrast or density/brightness range of an image as it is displayed on a soft copy monitor for digital images

A

Dynamic range

44
Q

The sum of all equivalent doses for all tissues and organs that have been irradiated and modified with the weighing factor

Measures the radiation, an organ system specific damage in man

A

Effective dose

45
Q

Is a numeric range used to determine over exposure under exposure to the patient and image receptor for each exam

A

Exposure index or REX value

46
Q

An increase or decrease in KVP by 15% will cause film density to double or decreased by half

A

15% rule

47
Q

Towards the body away from the foot

A

Proximal

48
Q

Front to back view on proximal part of limb

Above carpus or above tarsus

A

Crabiocaudal

CrCa

49
Q

Back to front view on proximal part of limb

Above carpus or above tarsus

A

Caudocranial

Ca Cr

50
Q

Front to back view on distal part of limb

Carpus/tarsus and below

A

Dorsopalmar/plantar)

51
Q

View from sternum to spine

A

Ventridorsal VD

52
Q

View from spine to sternum

A

Dorsoventral

53
Q

Back front leg

A

Palmar

54
Q

Back or rear leg

A

Plantar

55
Q

From the side

A

Lateral

56
Q

Towards the sternum

A

Ventral

57
Q

Towards the nose in reference for head

A

Rostral

58
Q

Digital image acquired, using a digital cassette

A

Computed radiography

59
Q

Digital image acquired using a digital plate receiver

A

Digital radiography

60
Q

Penetrating power of the beam

A

KVP

61
Q

Quantity of photons

A

MAS

62
Q

Grayscale of an image

An image with multiple shades of gray has a long scale ______

A

Contrast

63
Q

Attenuated beam that comes from hitting materials. Radiation direction has been altered.

A

Scatter radiation

64
Q

Flat device made from led strips, which absorbs scatter radiation before hitting the imaging plate

A

Grid

65
Q

Form of intravenous radiocontrast containing iodine we should enhance the visibility of vascular structures in organs during radiographic procedures

Used to view pathology of cancer

A

Iodinated contrast agent

66
Q

5 levels of opacity

A

air
fat
soft tissue/fluid
bone
metal

imaging (3 decks)

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