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Interventions > Imaging > Flashcards

Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

what factors are considered with radiation?

A

quantity & energy

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2
Q

radiolucent appears ____

A

dark

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3
Q

radiopaque appears ___

A

light

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4
Q

what is the most radiolucent material

A

air

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5
Q

what is the most radiopaque material

A

metal

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6
Q

position

A

actual position of the patient (seated, supine, etc)

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7
Q

projection

A

path of central ray from the perspective of the tube (in anatomical terms, e.g. anteroposterior)

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8
Q

a projection must be named with what

A

2 surfaces

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9
Q

view

A

body part from the perspecitve of the image receptor (always opposite of projection. if projection is AP, view is PA)

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10
Q

method

A

description of position & projection

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11
Q

positioning principles

A
  1. pt assessment
  2. goals of exam
  3. equipment
  4. protocol vs ergonomics
  5. body habitus (size, wt)
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12
Q

ergonomics

A

what the pt can actually do

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13
Q

rules (4)

A
  1. always 2 views, 90deg from ea other (usually PA or AP + lateral).
  2. complex jts may need 3 views (usually PA/AP, lateral, + oblique).
  3. always include both ends of long bone.
  4. include entire prosthesis/fixation.
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14
Q

ring of bone fx pattern

A

a single bone or set of bones arranged in a circle cannot be broken in only one place

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15
Q

positive contrast media

A

adding density to the part (either Iodine or Barium).

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16
Q

negative contrast media

A

taking away density

17
Q

purpose of contrast media

A

to demonstrate adjacent anatomical structures that normally have similar tissue densities.

18
Q

Radiopaque Contrast Materials

A

increase density of a structure so more x-rays are absorbed before reaching the radiographic film; makes a whiter area on the radiograph

19
Q

Radiolucent Contrast Materials

A

decrease density of a structure so that fewer x-rays are absorbed before reaching the radiographic film; makes a darker area on the radiograph

20
Q

conventional tomography

A

Time-consuming, higher radiation exposure, good for spine, joints, tumor matrix. If pt moves, have to completely start over. The “older” CT. Once CT became a thing, this lost popularity.

21
Q

computed tomography

A

Greater expense and radiation exposure, higher tissue contrast.
Lower spatial resolution (does not show certain things).
Planar reformatting/3D display: can move it around to see a bunch of angles.
Limited scanning planes (pt has to fit inside)

22
Q

MRI: what needs to be considered?

A

metals: can shift around from magnets. surgical steel not affected, but it will screw up the image

23
Q

color on MRI

A

does not follow the rules from x-rays

24
Q

what shows up well on MRI

A

high water content

25
Q

nuclear medicine uses what chemical compound

A

Diphosphonate

26
Q

nuclear medicine has ___ specificty & ____ sensitivtiy

A

low speciificity

high sensitviity

27
Q

nuclear medicine is good for what

A

stress fx

28
Q

PET (Positron Emission Tomography) good for what

A

oncology

29
Q

PET uses what chem compound

A

fluorine 18

30
Q

consideratiions w/ PET

A

half life of minutes

31
Q

PET has ___ sensitivity

A

high

32
Q

what other scan is commonly combined w/ PET

A

CT

33
Q

ultrasound good for what

A

fluid spaces, pediatric hip disorders (especially good for kids bc no radiation)

34
Q

what are streaks on ultrasound

A

air

35
Q

BOLTS

A 
Breaks or steps in the cortex.
Opacities (impacted fx - lighter).
Lucencies (displaced fx - darker).
Trabecula disruption.
Soft tissue swelling.
36
Q

how to describe fx

A

Location
Description (comminuted, compression, oblique, transverse fx).
Displacement of distal fragments
Angulation. of distal fragments
Distraction/overlapping
Involvement of epiphysis, physis, metaphysis

37
Q

how to describe displacement/angulation on lateral scans

A

anterior or posterior

38
Q

how to describe displacement/angulation on AP scans

A

medial or lateral

angle can also be described as varus/valgus

39
Q

salter harris types

A

fill in later

Interventions (12 decks)

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