Images and instruments Flashcards
Treatment of extradural and subdural haematoma
A-E
Supportive if small, craniotomy or burr hole if large
Treatment of subarachnoid haemorrhage
A-E
Supportive
Nimodipine (CCB to prevent vasospasm)
Cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage
Berry aneurysm
AV malformation
What are monocryl and vicryl sutures?
Absorbable sutures
Monocryl - monofilament, stable knot
Vicryl - polyfilament, less throws but fraying
Blood bottle colours, what they contain, indications
Purple (EDTA) - haematology
Pink (EDTA) - G&S, crossmatch
Blue (sodium citrate) - coagulation
Yellow (silica and serum separating gel) - immuno, micro, endo, U&E
Grey (sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate) - glucose and lactate
Red (silica) - toxicology, drugs, antibodies
Dark green (sodium heparin) - ammonia, renin, aldoesterone, insulin
Light green (lithium heparin) - biochemistry
Rust top - viral immunology
Which blood culture top is aerobic?
Blue
When are catgut sutures still used?
Stomas and circumcisions
What can a catheter bag be joined to?
Urethral or suprapubic catheter
Indications for central line insertion pack
TPN
Fluid resus
Infusion of irritant drugs
Blood tests
Central venous pressure
Where are central lines inserted?
Subclavian or internal jugular vein via USS
What is the curved big retractor called?
Devers retractor
When is an endotracheal tube used?
Trauma
Surgery with GA
GCS <8
Which bristol stool chart numbers warrant stool samples?
5, 6, 7
How long for rotavirus, norovirus, C. diff ribotyping, parasites, and helicobacter antigen testing results to come back?
Rotavirus, norovirus - same day
C. diff ribotyping - 2 weeks
Parasites - 4 days
Helicobacter antigen - 1 week
What does Hartmann/plasmalyte contain?
NaCl
Bicarbonate
Lactate
(crystalloid solution - fluid of choice initially in trauma)
What is a long term central venous line called (single long line)?
Hickman line
TPN
Long-term IV abx and chemo
Yellow topped pot
Histology specimen pot - biopsies set in formalin
When are interlocking screws removed from a femoral nail?
12/18 months
What is instillagel?
Lubricant and anaesthetic gel for catheterisation
Name of curved and straight laryngoscope blades?
Curved - Macintosh
Straight - Miller
When is mannitol used?
Raised intracranial pressure
Drive urine output in obstructive jaundice to prevent hepatorenal syndrome
What is the tool used for coagulation and dissection of tissue called?
Monopolar diathermy handle
What is used to test pinprick sensation?
Neurotip
What is an ethilon suture and when is it used (3)?
Nylon monofilament - non-absorbable
Required 9 throws
Percutaneous wound closure
Bowel anastomosis (prolene)
Vascular anastomosis (prolene)
Prolene different to ethilon (nylon)
Flow rate range of non-rebreather mask
10-15L/min
What does a PICC line look like, what is it, and what is it used for?
Line with 2 separations (pink and yellow), and one more coming off of one of the separations
Peripheral and central venous access
TPN
Chemotherapy
Blood sampling
Name of chest drain insertion pack
Seldinger
Willl have pointy things, scalpel, tubes, syringe
Types of spinal needles
Traumatic needles (normal bevel at the end) - associated with post-LP headaches
Atraumatic - choice for LP, blunt dissection rather than cutting
What is the mask with the bag called and how much oxygen can it deliver?
Self-inflatable bag-valve-mask
Can deliver high levels at low flow rates
Up to 100% over 10L/min
When is self retaining retractor used?
Hernia repair
Appendicectomy
What is the scary looking metal syringe called and used for?
Shouldered syringe
Injection of haemorrhoides with 5% phenol in almond oil
Proctoscope + done above dentate line (insensitive)
What is the clear catheter called and used for?
Silastic urinary catheter
Silicone - better for long term (3 months)
What’s the proper name for a neck brace, how is it sized, and what else is used for immobilisation?
Stiff neck cervical collar
2 sand bags and tape (triple immobilisation)
Sized with number of fingers from clavicle to angle of mandible, compared to measuring peg
Line with 5 different lengthed splits (blue, yellow, red)
Swan Ganz catheter
Inserted into central vein
Measure pulmonary artery wedge pressure and cardiac output
When are synthetic absorbable sutures used?
Bowel anastomosis
Tying off vessels
Benefits of tracheostomy
Decreased dead space
More effective suctioning
Less damage to vocal cords
Name of needle for histological specimens from lesions
Trucut needle
What is an opaque catheter made of and how long is it used for?
Latex
Up to 28 days
When is a three-way catheter used?
Haematuria for washout and irrigation of clots
When should a urine dip be sent for MCS and PCR?
Positive nitrites and leukocytes - MCS
Positive blood and protein - PCR
When is a urometer drainage bag used?
During surgery
Post-op
Monitor fluid status
Which colours of venturi mask are for 24% and 28%?
Blue - 24%
White - 28%
(BWYRG)
