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PACES Y6 > Images and instruments > Flashcards

Images and instruments Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment of extradural and subdural haematoma

A

A-E
Supportive if small, craniotomy or burr hole if large

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2
Q

Treatment of subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

A-E
Supportive
Nimodipine (CCB to prevent vasospasm)

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3
Q

Cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

Berry aneurysm
AV malformation

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4
Q

What are monocryl and vicryl sutures?

A

Absorbable sutures

Monocryl - monofilament, stable knot
Vicryl - polyfilament, less throws but fraying

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5
Q

Blood bottle colours, what they contain, indications

A

Purple (EDTA) - haematology
Pink (EDTA) - G&S, crossmatch
Blue (sodium citrate) - coagulation
Yellow (silica and serum separating gel) - immuno, micro, endo, U&E
Grey (sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate) - glucose and lactate
Red (silica) - toxicology, drugs, antibodies
Dark green (sodium heparin) - ammonia, renin, aldoesterone, insulin
Light green (lithium heparin) - biochemistry
Rust top - viral immunology

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6
Q

Which blood culture top is aerobic?

A

Blue

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7
Q

When are catgut sutures still used?

A

Stomas and circumcisions

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8
Q

What can a catheter bag be joined to?

A

Urethral or suprapubic catheter

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9
Q

Indications for central line insertion pack

A

TPN
Fluid resus
Infusion of irritant drugs
Blood tests
Central venous pressure

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10
Q

Where are central lines inserted?

A

Subclavian or internal jugular vein via USS

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11
Q

What is the curved big retractor called?

A

Devers retractor

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12
Q

When is an endotracheal tube used?

A

Trauma
Surgery with GA
GCS <8

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13
Q

Which bristol stool chart numbers warrant stool samples?

A

5, 6, 7

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14
Q

How long for rotavirus, norovirus, C. diff ribotyping, parasites, and helicobacter antigen testing results to come back?

A

Rotavirus, norovirus - same day
C. diff ribotyping - 2 weeks
Parasites - 4 days
Helicobacter antigen - 1 week

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15
Q

What does Hartmann/plasmalyte contain?

A

NaCl
Bicarbonate
Lactate

(crystalloid solution - fluid of choice initially in trauma)

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16
Q

What is a long term central venous line called (single long line)?

A

Hickman line

TPN
Long-term IV abx and chemo

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17
Q

Yellow topped pot

A

Histology specimen pot - biopsies set in formalin

18
Q

When are interlocking screws removed from a femoral nail?

A

12/18 months

19
Q

What is instillagel?

A

Lubricant and anaesthetic gel for catheterisation

20
Q

Name of curved and straight laryngoscope blades?

A

Curved - Macintosh
Straight - Miller

21
Q

When is mannitol used?

A

Raised intracranial pressure
Drive urine output in obstructive jaundice to prevent hepatorenal syndrome

22
Q

What is the tool used for coagulation and dissection of tissue called?

A

Monopolar diathermy handle

23
Q

What is used to test pinprick sensation?

A

Neurotip

24
Q

What is an ethilon suture and when is it used (3)?

A

Nylon monofilament - non-absorbable
Required 9 throws

Percutaneous wound closure
Bowel anastomosis (prolene)
Vascular anastomosis (prolene)

Prolene different to ethilon (nylon)

25
Q

Flow rate range of non-rebreather mask

A

10-15L/min

26
Q

What does a PICC line look like, what is it, and what is it used for?

A

Line with 2 separations (pink and yellow), and one more coming off of one of the separations

Peripheral and central venous access

TPN
Chemotherapy
Blood sampling

27
Q

Name of chest drain insertion pack

A

Seldinger

Willl have pointy things, scalpel, tubes, syringe

28
Q

Types of spinal needles

A

Traumatic needles (normal bevel at the end) - associated with post-LP headaches

Atraumatic - choice for LP, blunt dissection rather than cutting

29
Q

What is the mask with the bag called and how much oxygen can it deliver?

A

Self-inflatable bag-valve-mask

Can deliver high levels at low flow rates

Up to 100% over 10L/min

30
Q

When is self retaining retractor used?

A

Hernia repair
Appendicectomy

31
Q

What is the scary looking metal syringe called and used for?

A

Shouldered syringe

Injection of haemorrhoides with 5% phenol in almond oil

Proctoscope + done above dentate line (insensitive)

32
Q

What is the clear catheter called and used for?

A

Silastic urinary catheter

Silicone - better for long term (3 months)

33
Q

What’s the proper name for a neck brace, how is it sized, and what else is used for immobilisation?

A

Stiff neck cervical collar

2 sand bags and tape (triple immobilisation)

Sized with number of fingers from clavicle to angle of mandible, compared to measuring peg

34
Q

Line with 5 different lengthed splits (blue, yellow, red)

A

Swan Ganz catheter

Inserted into central vein
Measure pulmonary artery wedge pressure and cardiac output

35
Q

When are synthetic absorbable sutures used?

A

Bowel anastomosis
Tying off vessels

36
Q

Benefits of tracheostomy

A

Decreased dead space
More effective suctioning
Less damage to vocal cords

37
Q

Name of needle for histological specimens from lesions

A

Trucut needle

38
Q

What is an opaque catheter made of and how long is it used for?

A

Latex

Up to 28 days

39
Q

When is a three-way catheter used?

A

Haematuria for washout and irrigation of clots

40
Q

When should a urine dip be sent for MCS and PCR?

A

Positive nitrites and leukocytes - MCS
Positive blood and protein - PCR

41
Q

When is a urometer drainage bag used?

A

During surgery
Post-op
Monitor fluid status

42
Q

Which colours of venturi mask are for 24% and 28%?

A

Blue - 24%
White - 28%

(BWYRG)

PACES Y6 (6 decks)

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