Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RT6PRIGMAG > IMAGE QUALITY AND RADIOGRAPHIC QUALITY > Flashcards

IMAGE QUALITY AND RADIOGRAPHIC QUALITY Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 ways of shape distortion

A
  1. elongation

2. foreshortening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

influence the total amount of magnification of the image

A

SID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: size distortion always occur in OID

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

refers to the actual size of an object compared with its true actual size

A

magnification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

results from radiographic misinterpretation of either the size (magnification) of the shape of the anatomic part

A

distortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: patient increase the amount of unsharpness in an image

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: greater spatial resolution minimizes sharpness of the anatomic structure

A

false, minimizes unsharpness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

refers to the smallest object detected in an image

A

spatial resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

is termed used to evaluate the accuracy of the recorded anatomic structural line

A

spatial resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

refers to the range of visible densities

A

scale of contrast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is used to describe the ability of an image receptor to distinguish between objects having similar subject contrast

A

contrast resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: contrast is subjective

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: brightness + density = unmeasurable

A

false, measurable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the three factors that contribute to subject contrast

A

tissue thickness
density
atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

refers to the absorption characteristics of the anatomic tissue imaged and the quality of x-ray beam

A

subject contrast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: an object that has sufficient brightness but no differences appears to heterogenous object

A

false, homogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

is the difference in the brightness levels or densities

A

radiographic / image contrast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: differential absorption is the same for both digital and film screen image receptors

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the 2 types of image receptors

A
  1. digital

2. film screen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

anatomic tissue that varies in absorption and transmission creates what shade of color ____

A

gray / dark and light areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: x-ray photons that are transmitted = black areas (decreased brightness)

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: absorb incoming x-ray photons (photoelectric effect) = white / clear (increase brightness)

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: absorb incoming x-ray photons (photoelectric effect) = white / clear (increase brightness)

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

an unwanted exposure created by scattered radiation

A

fog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

when the unwanted beam leave the patient; transmitted and scattered

A

exit radiation / remnant radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the quality of image is compromised

A

scattered radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: absorption + transmission = image that structurally represent the anatomic part

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

it is when an incoming x-ray photons passes through anatomic part without any interaction with the anatomic structure

A

transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

beam attenuation ___ with higher x-ray beam, and ___ with lower x-ray beam

A

decrease, increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

determines the energy or penetrability of x-ray photon, and effects in the attenuation of anatomic tissue

A

kilovoltage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: high- penetrating x-ray are more likely to be absorbed

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: low penetrating x-ray are more likely to be absored

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

lower penetrating x-ray = ____ wavelength

A

longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

higher penetrating x-ray = ____ wavelength

A

shorter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

refers to the quality of the x-ray beam or its penetrating ability

A

x-ray beam quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

atomic number for fat

A

6.3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

atomic number for bones

A

13.8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: more x-rays = thicker anatomical part

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

for every 4-5 cm (1.6-2in) of tissue thickness, how many percent must be reduced in x-ray attenuation

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: x-rays are exponentially attenuated

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

increase in thickness, ___ beam beam attenuation either absorption or scattering

A

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

4 factors of x-ray beam attenuation

A
  1. thickness of anatomical part
  2. atomic number
  3. tissue density
  4. energy of the x-ray beam
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: scattered photons leave the patient and does not strike the image receptor = radiation exposure near the patient

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: scattered photons absorbed = radiation exposure of the patient

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

is an interaction that occurs with low-energy x-rays, typically below the diagnostic range; x-ray does not lose energy but changes direction

A

coherent scattering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: higher kVp decreases the percentage of Compton effect

A

false, increase percentage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: higher kVp decreases the overall number of x-ray interactions within matter because of the increased photon transmission

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: more simple atoms, more opportunities for interaction

A

false, complex atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: less energy = less wavelength

A

false, more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

takes the electron at the inner part of the shell

A

photoelectric effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

takes the electron at the outer part of the shell

A

Compton effect

52
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: compton interaction only depends on the energy of the incoming photon, and not the atomic # and anatomic tissue

A

true

53
Q

also known as ejected electron

A

secondary electron

54
Q

causes secondary exposure

A

compton effect

55
Q

the result from the incoming x-ray photon changing / loses energy and changes direction

A

compton effect

56
Q

the incoming photons are not absorbed but instead lose energy during interactions with the atoms comprising tissue

A

scattering

57
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: after absorption, overall energy or quantity of the primary beam decreases

A

true

58
Q

the probability of the total photon absorption by the photoelectric effect depends on the ____ of the incoming x-ray and the ___ of the anatomical tissue

A

energy, atomic #

59
Q

an interaction with matter

A

photoelectric effect

60
Q

is responsible for the total absorption

A

photoelectric effect

61
Q

is a characteristics of x-ray and the ability to remove *(eject) electrons

A

ionization

62
Q

occurs when it has enough energy to remove (eject) an inner shell electron

A

absorption

63
Q

also know as ejected electron

A

photoelectron, secondary electron

64
Q

total absorption of energy by atoms

A

absorption

65
Q

occurs as the result of the photo interactions with the anatomic structures that comprises the tissue

A

beam attenuation

66
Q

is the reduction in the intensity or number of photons in the primary x-ray beam

A

beam attenuation

67
Q

3 process required by differential absorption

A
  1. beam attenuation
  2. absorption
  3. transmission
68
Q

an anatomic part where it absorbs more photons than parts filled with air

A

bone

69
Q

is a process whereby some amount of x-ray beam is absorbed in the tissue and some passes through (transmits) the anatomic part

A

differential absorption

70
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: attributes of a quality radiograph are similar regardless of the type of imaging system

A

true

71
Q

is produced following the processing of the latent or invisible image

A

manifest image / visible radiographic image

72
Q

what is the atomic # for the element, Calcium?

A

20

73
Q

what is the most common dense element in the body?

A

calcium

74
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: radiation that exits the patient is composed of varying energies and interacts with image receptor

A

true

75
Q

what are the 3 absorption characteristics of the anatomic part

A

thickness
atomic number
tissue density / compactness

76
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: does quantity and quality of the primary beam affects its interactions within the various tissues that makeup atomic parts?

A

true

77
Q

a device that receives the radiation leaving the patient

A

image receptor (IR)

78
Q

is sometimes required to elongate a part so that a particular anatomic structure can be visualized better

A

CR angulation

79
Q

is the term typically used when referring to noise on a film image

A

quantum mottle

80
Q

caused by phosphor crystal size

A

structure noise

81
Q

decrease amount of photon, ___ the amount of quantum noise within the radiographic image

A

increase

82
Q

increasing number of photos, ____ the amount of quantum noise within the radiographic image

A

decrease

83
Q

ALARA

A

as low as reasonably achievable

84
Q

unwanted image on a radiograph

A

image artifact

85
Q

2 types of digital IR

A

computed radiography

direct radiography

86
Q

houses the imaging plate

A

casette

87
Q

it is where the latent image is stored

A

phosphor

88
Q

IRs can be portable or fixed, and uses imaging plate

A

computed radiography

89
Q

IRs have self-scanning readout mechanism, employs an array of x-ray detectors that receive the exit radiation and convert the varying x-ray intensities into proportional electronic signals for digitization

A

direct radiography

90
Q

active layer of the fim, heart of the film

A

emulsion

91
Q

most widely used radiographic fil

A

screen film

92
Q

refer to a physical imperfections

A

sensitivity speck

93
Q

refers to the ability of radiographic film to provide a certain level of image contrast (density differences)

A

film contrast

94
Q

refers to the color of light produced by a particular intensifying screen, caused by intensifying screens

A

spectral sensitivity

95
Q

a device found in radiographic cassettes that contains phosphor to convert x-ray energy into light

A

intensifying screen

96
Q

is the emission of light from the screen when stimulated by radiation

A

luminescence

97
Q

the emission of light after x-ray exposure has terminated; cause unwanted exposure to the film

A

phosphorescence

98
Q

the use of such screens allows the radiographer to use considerable lower mAs values

A

screen speed

99
Q

x-ray tube to patient

A

sod

100
Q

patient to IR

A

oid

101
Q

x-ray tube to image receptor

A

sid

102
Q

it is the responsibility of the radiographer to limit x-ray beam field size; limiting the patient exposure and the amount of scatter radiation

A

beam restriction

103
Q

a most commonly used beam restricting device, most sophisticated, useful, accepted type of beam restricting device

A

collimator

104
Q

refers to a decrease in size of the projected radiation field

A

collimation or beam restriction

105
Q

simplest type of beam- restricting device; is a flat piece of lead that contain a hole

A

aperture diaphragm

106
Q

are shaped differently; is essentially an aperture diaphragm that has an extended flange attached to it

A

cones and cylinders

107
Q

is most useful compared to cones

A

cylinders

108
Q

referred to beam restriction accomplished with the use of collimator

A

collimation

109
Q

how many blades does a collimator have

A

2 or 3 lead shutters

110
Q

also called as the positive beam restricting device; automatically limits size and shape of the primary beam

A

automatic collimator

111
Q

who invented the radiographic grid

A

gustave bucky

112
Q

what year was radiographic grid invented

A

1913

113
Q

is a device consisting of very thin lead strips with radiolucent interspaces intended to absorb scatter radiation emitted from the patient

A

radiographic grid

114
Q

what is grid made of

A

aluminum

115
Q

precise height, thickness, space between radiographic grid

A

grid construction

116
Q

expresses the number of lead lines per unit length

A

grid frequency

117
Q

is defined as the ratio of the height of lead strips to the distance between them

A

grid ratio

118
Q

refers to the linear pattern of the lead lines of a grip

A

grid pattern

119
Q

grids that run in only one direction

A

linear grip

120
Q

grids that run in right angles

A

cross grid, cross hatched grid

121
Q

refers to the orientation of the lead lines relative to one another

A

grid focus

122
Q

grids that run parallel to one another

A

parallel grid

123
Q

has lead lines that are angled, or canted to approximately match the angle of divergence of the primary beam

A

focused grid

124
Q

has lead lines that are angled, or canted to approximately match the angle of divergence of the primary beam

A

focused grid

125
Q

is defined as the amount of luminescence

A

brightness

126
Q

refers to the amount of overall blackness on the processed image

A

density

127
Q

refers to the variations in brightness and density

A

contrast

RT6PRIGMAG (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions