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Image Production Kettering > Image Production > Flashcards

Image Production Flashcards

1
Q

The overall amount of x-rays to reach the IR

A

Receptor Exposure

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2
Q

The quantity of x-rays to reach the IR

A

Receptor Exposure

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3
Q

The main controlling factor of receptor exposure?

A

mAs

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4
Q

The relationship between mAs and receptor exposure

A

Directly proportional

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5
Q

Increase mAs, what happens to receptor exposure?

A

Increase receptor exposure
Double receptor exposure

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6
Q

What happens if you double the mAs:

A

Double Receptor Exposure

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7
Q

The difference in adjacent areas:

A

Contrast

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8
Q

kVp is the main controlling factor of:

A

subject contrast

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9
Q

The main controlling factor of image contrast:

A

LUT (look up table)

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10
Q

The relationship between kVp and contrast is:

A

Inversely Proportional

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11
Q

If you increase kVp, contrast:

A

decreases

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12
Q

The relationship between mAs and receptor exposure:

A

Directly Proportional

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13
Q

The main controlling factor of receptor exposure:

A

mAs

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14
Q

If you increase mAs, contrast:

A

NO EFFECT

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15
Q

Increase SID, receptor exposure:

A

Decrease

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16
Q

The relationship between receptor exposure and SID?

A

Inversely proportional

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17
Q

Increasing SID, contrast:

A

no effect

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18
Q

Increase the kVp, receptor exposure:

A

increases

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19
Q

kVp and receptor exposure:

A

Direct Relationship

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20
Q

increase kVp, contrast:

A

decrease contrast

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21
Q

The relationship between kVp and contrast:

A

Inversely Proportional

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22
Q

Devices used to clean up scatter radiation

A

Grids

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23
Q

The purpose of a grid:

A

clean up scatter radiation

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24
Q

The use of a grid or an increase in grid ratio

A

Receptor Exposure Decreases

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25
Q

The relationship between a grid and receptor exposure?

A

Inverse Relationship

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26
Q

Beam Filtration:

A

Hardens the beam, removes soft x-rays, increase quality, decrease quantity

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27
Q

When you use beam filtration:

A

decrease receptor exposure and decrease in contrast

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28
Q

How tightly compacted at the atomic level:

A

Subject Density

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29
Q

List in order from least to greatest attenuation:

A

Air
Fat
Water
Muscle
Bone

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30
Q

List in order from greatest to least attenuation:

A

Bone
Muscle
Water
Fat
Air

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31
Q

What kind of kVp do you use on a mammogram?

A

25-30 kVp

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32
Q

What would you do for the kVp for the soft tissue examination of the neck?

A

Drop it

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33
Q

When things have the same rate of attenuation:

A

Drop the kV
Maximal Differential Absorption

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34
Q

Responsible for the blacks and whites on an image:

A

Photoelectric Effect

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35
Q

Why is air dark and black on an image?

A

Shows a high rate of radiation reaching the IR, less attenuation

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36
Q

Why is bone white and opaque on an image?

A

Shows a great rate of absorption, more attenuation

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37
Q

Bone is white shows:

A

high rates of absorption
low rates of radiation reaching the IR

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38
Q

As subject density increases:

A

decrease in receptor exposure
Increase in contrast

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39
Q

If you have additive pathology:

A

Receptor exposure decreases
Contrast Increases

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40
Q

When additive pathology presents:

A

Decrease in receptor exposure
Increase in contrast

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41
Q

If you have a destructive pathology:

A

Increase in receptor exposure
Decrease in contrast

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42
Q

If you increase beam restriction

A

decrease in receptor exposure
increase in contrast

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43
Q

Increase field size:

A

increase in receptor exposure
decrease in contrast

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44
Q

Misrepresentation

A

Distortion

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45
Q

What factors effect size distortion:

A

SID
OID

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46
Q

Shape distortion:

A

Foreshortening and Elongation

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47
Q

Increase SID, magnification

A

decreases

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48
Q

Why do you do the PA chest at 180 cm?

A

to reduce heart magnification

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49
Q

Increase SID

A

decrease magnification
increase spatial resolution

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50
Q

Increase in OID:

A

increase in magnification
decrease in spatial resolution

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51
Q

Which one has the greatest effect upon magnification SID or OID?

A

OID

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52
Q

*For every 1 inch of OID increase the SID to counteract magnification:

A

7 - 8 inches

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53
Q

Increase in SID:

A

decrease in magnification

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54
Q

Increase in OID:

A

Increase in magnification

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55
Q

If you increase focal spot size from a small to large:

A

decrease in spatial resolution

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56
Q

If motion is present on an image compromises:

A

spatial resolution

57
Q

If there is ever motion on an image, what do you do as a technologist?

A

REPEAT the image

58
Q

As a technologist, if you forget to angle the tube for an AP axial of the sacrum come in perpendicular the resulting image shows:

A

Shape Distortion

59
Q

What factors effect spatial resolution:

A

SID
OID
Focal Spot Size
Motion
Material

60
Q

What factors effect spatial resolution:

A

Geometric Factors

61
Q

The number of rows times the number of columns:

A

Matrix

62
Q

More rows and more columns. increase in matrix size:

A

Increase in spatial resolution
Better Pixel Coverage

63
Q

Increase in pixel size:

A

decrease in spatial resolution

64
Q

As PSP plate sizes increases:

A

spatial resolution decreases

65
Q

The main controlling factor of spatial resolution is:

A

Sampling Frequency

The

66
Q

The laser will scan the imaging plate and the more pixels the laser scans the greater the spatial resolution

A

Sampling Frequency

67
Q

Increase in sampling frequency, spatial resolution:

A

increases

68
Q

What is the main controlling factor of spatial resolution:

A

Sampling Frequency
OR
Focal Spot Size

69
Q

As the FOV increases for a fixed matrix size:

A

Spatial Resolution Decreases

70
Q

Increase in Flat Panel DEL:

A

Increase Spatial Resolution

71
Q

The overall amount of radiation reaching the IR:

A

Receptor Exposure

72
Q

The difference in adjacent areas:

A

Radiographic Contrast

73
Q

The main controlling factor of subject contrast:

A

kVp

74
Q

The main controlling factor of image contrast:

A

LUT

75
Q

If an image has high contrast:

A

more blacks and whites

76
Q

If an image has low contrast:

A

lots of shades of grays

77
Q

The main controlling factor of receptor exposure:

A

mAs

78
Q

The relationship between receptor exposure and mAs:

A

Directly Proportional

79
Q

The receptor exposure on a radiograph is proportional only to the total energy imparted to the radiographic image receptor:

A

The Law of Reciprocity

80
Q

If you get a separate mA and time in a question multiply the two out and look for the answer that matches up with it: mA x time 45 mAs

A

C. matches up to 45 mAs

81
Q

Intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance:

A

Inverse Square Law

82
Q

Recorded Detail

A

Spatial Resolution

83
Q

If distance is doubled, intensity

A

4 xs less

84
Q

If you cut the distance in half:

A

4 xs more

85
Q

Mas1/mas2 = SID1^2/SID2^2

A

Direct Square Law

86
Q

What new mAs would be used to maintain:

A

Direct Square Law

87
Q

Room for error, that will still yield this image quality

A

Wide Latitude

88
Q

20 mAs, 100 mA?

A

100/20= .2 seconds
200 ms

89
Q

If you increase or decrease the kVp by 15%:

A

Double or cut the receptor exposure in half

90
Q

Double receptor exposure by using the 15% kVp rule, 80 kV at 30 mAs?

A

80 x .15= 12
80 + 12 = 92 kVp
DO NOT TOUCH THE mAs

92 kVp, 30 mAs

91
Q

Cut the receptor exposure in half by applying the 15% rule, 80 kV at 30 mAs:

A

68 kVp, 30 mAs

DO NOT TOUCH mAs

92
Q

The receptor exposure is sufficient but the contrast needs to be increased, 80 kVp, 30 mAs:

A

68 kVp, 60 mAs

93
Q

The receptor exposure is sufficient but the contrast needs to be decreased, 80 kVp, 30 mAs:

A

92 kVp
15 mAs

94
Q

It is determined that an underexposed abdominal radiograph needs to be repeated with exposure factors doubled. If the original exposure factors were 70 kVp and 32 mAs, what new kVp should be used to improve this radiograph?

A

81 kVp, 32 mAs

95
Q

Grid Ratio=

A

H (height)/D (distance)

96
Q

The height of lead strips, width (not use), width of interspace (use):

A

H/D

97
Q

A radiographic examination is performed 80 kV, 10 mAs, 100 cm SID with a 5:1 grid ratio, a new exposure is made with a 16:1 grid ratio to increase contrast, what is the new technique?

A

5:1 (2)
16:1 (6)

old mAs/new mAs= old grid/new grid

98
Q

An AP knee radiograph is performed at 60 kVp and 3 mAs on a 400 speed class IR. What new mAs is needed if going to a 8:1 grid?

A

3/x = 1/4

x= 12 mAs

99
Q

Need at least _______ grid frequency to prevent the Moire Effect.

A

60 lines/cm

100
Q

A measure of Grid lines per unit distance:

A

Grid Frequency

101
Q

What is the purpose of filtration:

A

Reduce the ESE

102
Q

As thickness increases, beam attenuation __________, and receptor exposure __________.

A

increases, decreases

103
Q

As the atomic number of an object increases attenuation will _______ yielding a _________ in radiographic exposure.

A

increase, decrease

104
Q

Increase field size, _________ receptor exposure

A

increase

105
Q

Collapsed Lung

A

Atalectasis

106
Q

Abdominal Fluid

A

Acities

107
Q

Forward displacement on one vertebrae on top of the other vertebrae

A

Spondylotisthesus

108
Q

A patient presents in the ED department fever, shortness of breath, cough:

A

Pneumonia
Pnuemonic Infiltrate

109
Q

A patient presents in the ED, dipheretic, cool, clammy, cold to touch, fever, shortness of breath:

A

Congestive Heart Failure

110
Q

AP T-spine where do you place the cathode?

A

lower T-spine, anode- over the upper T-spine

111
Q

On all extremities place the cathode:

A

over the proximal joint

112
Q

For the thoracic and abdominal cavity put the cathode:

A

On the diaphragm

113
Q

On a lateral T-spine on an average T-spine requires:

A

Lateral
AP
Laterocervical thoracic

114
Q

On a lateral T-Spine the put the cathode:

A

UP on the upper T-spine

115
Q

Short-Scale Contrast:

A

Black and White Appearance

116
Q

Intrathecally:

A

within the spinal canal

117
Q

Increase kVp ________ contrast

A

decrease

118
Q

The three things that effect the production of scatter:

A

high kVp
Large thick parts
Large Field Sizes

119
Q

All of the following effect the production of scatter except:

A

Grid

120
Q

With the use of filtration the beam is:

A

more homogenous

121
Q

The clear consice center:

A

Umbra

122
Q

The pneumbra aka the geometric unsharpness is always greater on the:

A

Cathode Side of the Beam

122
Q

Bluring around the edges

A

Geometric unsharpness

122
Q

Image size/object size= SID/SOD

A

Magnification

123
Q

The heart on the IR measures 15.2 cm at the widest point, in the chest cavity is only 6.2 cm. How much magnification?

A

15.2 cm/6.2= 2.45

124
Q

A radiographic examination is performed with 180 cm SID, but the anatomical part has a 20 cm OID. How much magnification?

A

180/160= 1.125

180-20= 160

124
Q

What is the best way to control voluntary motion?

A

clear concise instruction

125
Q
A
126
Q

What is the best way to control involuntary motion?

A

Shorter Exposure Times

127
Q

Respiration, peristalsis, cardiac activity, parkinson’s disease:

A

Involuntary

128
Q

The main controlling factor of spatial resolution?

A

Focal Spot Size

129
Q

Where the electrons actually strike the target:

A

Actual Focal Spot

129
Q

What gets projected down onto the patients:

A

Effective Focal Spot

129
Q

Which is larger the actual or effective?

A

Actual Focal Spot

129
Q

Which of the following anode angles gives me the greatest spatial resolution?

A

Smaller the angle the greater the spatial resolution
Pick the smallest number

130
Q
A
130
Q
A
131
Q

If you are going to do a hand x-ray table top, is the hand x-ray the use of an APR or the use of an AEC?

A

APR

132
Q
A

Image Production Kettering (1 decks)

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