Image interpretation Flashcards
if the patient is in a RPO or LAO position. where is the II going to be located and how will the distal and closest object move?
II moves to the right for both. distal object will move with the x-ray tube and the proximal will move away.
what is a tangential view?
tangential view allows the series to become more diagnostic as it describes where the object is and see if the pathology has affected the wall.
what is the profile view?
to see the maximum amount of anatomy in a single view.
what are the radiographers responsibility when using a tangential view?
a) to produce a quality image
b) to be able to locate/localise the object
c) Describe using images extent of the pathology
d) to be able to visualise with minimal interference from local near by objects.
where should the ET (endotracheal tube) be located
5-7cm above the carina. if you cant see the carina then close to the medial ends of the clavicle. should lie over 2nd-4th thoracic vertebra
where are central venous catheters inserted?
in the subclavian vein or a more peripheral vein in the upper extremity.
should be sitting in the superior vena cava or just above the level of the carina
Where are PICC lines located if normal?
should also be in the superior vena cava pointing downwards. It is usually placed in one of the large veins in the upper arm.
where are swan-ganz catheters generally placed?
usually inserted into the neck or groin.
should be located in right or left main pulmonary artery. seen radiographically with the borders of the mediastinum.
what are complications for a misplaced endotracheal tube?
atelecstasis if placed to low
air entering the stomach if placed to high
What are the complications for a misplaced CVC tube?
right atrium- possible arrhythmias or perforation, Pneumothorax with placement, infusion of fluid into mediastinum or plural space.
what are the complications for a misplaced swan-ganz catheter?
pulmonary infarction
where should a NG tube be located
gone through the oesophagus to the stomach. should remain in the midline of the mediastinum right down to the diaphragms
where is a port catheter inserted?
under the skin in the right side of the chest and into the superior vena cava
between which layers does a subdural bleed occur?
between the periosteal dura matter
and meningeal dura matter
between which layers does a subarachnoid bleed occur?
in the subarachnoid space between the pia matter and the arachnoid matter
what are the symptoms for a subdural bleed?
lethargy, seizure, nausea and headache, slurred speach, weakness, loss of consciousness
what are the symptoms for a subarachnoid bleed?
sudden headache, meningeal imitation (neck, stiffness, back pain, bilateral leg pain), nausea/ vomiting, photophobia with visual changes, global or focal neurological changes, seizures and motor deficits.
what are the symptoms for intracerebral bleed?
altered level of consciousness, nause, vomiting, headache, seizures, focal neurological changes and nuchal rigidity (rigid neck muscles)
how do you categorise a post stroke event?
Acute (within 6-24 hours post). subacute (24hrs post) and chronic (weeks post)
what is a pulmonary embolism
material which is lodged in the pulmonary trunk
what does PACEMAN stand for?
Position, area, collimation, exposure, markers, aesthetics, name
what is the purpose of the swan ganz line?
to measure the pulmonary pressure of the left ventricle
list some regulatory bodies?
MRPBA,
ASMIRT
AHPRA,
what types of history are their?
Imaging- baseline image
pathology tests- confirmation for what you see on the images
verbal- confirm with patient
nurse notes
