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1
Q
A

Left atrial Mixoma

tipycaly seen Reverberation of the Mitral valve Leflet

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2
Q
A

Tamponade

There’s not D Wave

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3
Q
A

Hepatic Vein obstruction

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4
Q

Stunned Myocardium

A

It’s an acute decreased of perffusion to the myicardiuma that will go back to normal about 72 hrs

During Stress Echo there is low Wall motion anormality at the begining butit will improved at higher dosis

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5
Q
A

Tamponade.

look the RV diastole colapse and the pericardial effusion

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6
Q
A

P2 Tethering (restrictive)
SAM (in sam the MR is posterior)

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7
Q
A

Severe Trycuspid Stenosis (even though there’s a TR the focus of the image is on TVS)

Severe TVS
MPG> 5mmhhg
PHT > 190
TVA < 1 with continuty equat

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8
Q
A

Moderate to severe Pulmonary regurgitation

Because in severe PHT < 100
it would be more triangular and more dense

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9
Q
A

Bicuspid valve

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10
Q
A

Post open heart Surgery

Abnormal eptal motion during systole.

you can see during systole the IVS going up when it should be going down

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11
Q

Pansystole MR always gonna have more Regurgitation volume than Late systole MR (prolapse Valve) even though they have the same EROA

A

True

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12
Q

how to calculated PADP? is take from the TR + RAP

A

From PR + RAP

PADP= 4(PR)2 +RAP

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13
Q
A
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14
Q
A

B - To dark increase the gain

Too White decrease output power

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15
Q
A

Severe aortic Stenosis

PEak velocity more than 4
PG 112

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16
Q
A

Rehumatic Valve

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17
Q
A

Severe AR

PHT > 200
trialgular signal

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18
Q
A

Restrective Cardiomeopathy

Always look above the base line and compare with the ECG

Insoiration is the green line going up
there’s a flow reversal in inspiration this is restricte cardiomeopathy
#

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19
Q
A

Range Ambiguity Artifact

This is Aortic and LVOT signal

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20
Q
A

LVH
This also could be SAM but the nothing of the Anterior leaflet of the MV with the suptun can be seeing in patient with LVH. Eje. HTN or Apical Isquemia

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21
Q
A

AR. look at the time with the ECG and the turbulance flow during diastole

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22
Q

For calculation always has to be in cm. so convet it because mostly tehy will give in m/s

A
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23
Q
A

Fenistration of the AV. the av valve has a hole.
the only patology qhere you can see the flatter in diastole

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24
Q
A

Decrease E wave DT

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25
Mid LVOT obstruction Lobster sign
26
Whats does the B-Bump means?
High LVEDP
27
MV vegetation or Thrombus
28
Low EF LVEDP
29
Characteristic of Severe TR
Systole flow reversal on Hepatic V Paradoxcial septal movement (because RV overload) LOW Calculated RVSP (because in severe TR the Velocite of the regurg is low)
30
Beam with Artifact ITs beam with artifact because those are MV and AV signal with are parallel to each other if these were are AV and LVOT it will be range ambiguity because there are in the same path AXIS
31
Premature of the AV clasical sign for Acute Aortic Regurgitation
32
how is the EDSD after stress echo in a patient with isquemia
EDSP increases after echo strees Because the thicknes of the lv will reduced
33
MV Flail and MV prolapse MV Flail has the hammocking in early sistole while the MV prolapse is late systole
34
Atrial Septum Aneurysms
35
Grade 2 diastole disfunction
36
Constrictive Pericarditis
37
DX
Normal M-Mode. the little flatter is normal
38
Flow reversal During Expiration
Constrcite Pericarditis or Tamponade
39
Flow reversal increase during inspiracion in hepatic vein
Restricte Cardiomyopaty
40
B. because is close to the AS
41
MV Flail
42
Supracristal (because its Oulet)
43
Dilated Cardiomiopathy
44
Coartation of the Aorta continuos flow during diaslote
45
Type A aortic Disection
46
Eccentric MR. the anterios wall of the LA is toching the valve
47
b Wall filter allows High amplituted signal
48
Mid systolic Closure HOCM It's like Late systole hammocking but on the AV
49
Constrictive Pericardiatis Look above the baseline first and in experitation there is flow reversal
50
Grade 2 Diastole Dysfunction
51
ATrail Fibrilation. tehere is not A wave and also look at the ECG
52
Aortic Regurgitation There's fluttering of the mitral valve. there is an Eccentri Aortic Regurgitation that is hitting the MV
53
Coumadin Ridge or Warfarin Ridge
54
Late systole Hammocking- MR- MV prolapse
55
all of them we shift the baseline down to see more aliasing (flow convertion) but the normal is around 50 and we bring it down to 30 to see more flow convertion but if even with 50 we see a big flow convertion this mean that the regurgition is big so severe
56
Aortic Ring abscess (seen is Endocarditis) Bleb >congenital CX originated fro RCA Vegetation
57
Early diastole septal DIP. Severe MS
58
How to calculates LAP if there is a MV stenosis
LAP = LV diastole + Men Gradiant of the MV
59
LVH
60
Constricte pericarditis always goes with High Propagation Velocity
More than 200 cm/s
61
Increase IVR
62
Grade II Remember to follow the algoritm
63
mitral anular Calcification if the thickness is more than 1cm it's severe mitral calcification
64
RVDP is The same as RAP if there is no stenosis
65
in order is Early sistolic notching, mind systole notching, late systole notching Subvalvular Stenosis, HOCM, Premature closer
66
Impared Relaxiation if the VP is <45
67
Dinamic LVOT obttruction where the arrow is pointed + MR obstrucciton This is SAM
68
How To calculated LVSP if there is an Aortic Stenosis?
LVSP = Aortic Systole P + 70% of the AV gradiant
69
Talking about bicuspid valve
B and C are true
70
Bicuspid valve
71
This px may have
Atrail septal Deffect Wolf parkison / white syndrome TR ebstein anormality
72
LBBB RV lead Pacemaker RV preexcitation
73
Constricte pericarditis
74
D is the correct anwser Because in patient with Holosytolic MR there is more flow going back than Patient with Late systole MR (late systole Hammockin -Prolapse Valve)
75
Methalic Mitral Valve. see the reberveration and on 2D there is not leaflet
76
Atrail Flatter. Inatrial fibrillation there is not P wave so there is not A wave( which is atrial contraction) but in atrial flutter there is P wave but bigger so the atrial contract 3 or 4 time. so you see more A wave
77
How is the HV doppler is TR?
S reversal (systole flow reversal) Severe TR is volume overload so this Patient is gonna have Paradoxical septal movement of the IVS
78
M-Mode accros the Atrial Septum
Aneurysms >1cm aneurysmas <1cm redundan
79
Subvalvular AS Early sistole noching
80
Severe MS PG 22 AVA<1
81
Constrictive Pericartidis Look how thick is the pericardio and the septal shiff or septal shudder during diastole
82
Hibernation myocardium
It'a a chronic Decrease of perfussion During echo stress is called Biphasic because a low dosis it will imporved but at higert dosis it will get worse
83
A Because of the shodowing or reverberation that mechanical Valve will produce. the best window to evalute is PLAX
84
Grade II diastoly dysfunction
85
A acroos a not obtruictive we use this equationjust in obstructive valve
86
Pansystolic MR. the red is diastole which is normal and the Tubulance is during the whole sistole ventricular
87
Restrictive Posterior Wall Diastole movement Look how is diastole the posterior wall is flat and it should be more rounded
88
Ascending Aorta Aneurysms
89
Flow reversal that is not affected by inspiration of expiration is Severe TR late systole
90
How to calculated MVA by PHT
AVA= 220 / PHT PHT= 0,29 x Decc T
91
Pericardial Fat. Because look at the time. it is in systole so at the Posterios wall thereis just a bit of fluis which it is normal
92
which value do you take in order to calculate RVSP,
56mmhg. if you have the velocity in gradiant you can use gradiant mmhg
93
Severe MR Dense jet E wave more than 1,2 (quality evealuation) (semiquantitive evaluation)
94
Severe Pulmonary Stenosis Peak Velocity > 4 Peag Grandiante > 64 mmhg
95
Tamponade Look the RV collapse during Diastole
96
Which VSD is associated with AR
Outlet: supra cristal or infracristal
97
Pulmonary HTN If the flow reversasl is in inspiration and expiration it's Pulmonary HTN
98
How does the isquemia responde during stress echo?
baselina / at rest ; normal hyperkenetic Low doses: Decreses Hig doses: akinetic
99
Low Velocity Radio this is a AV stenosis Remember the evaluation of severety of AVS
100
propagation Velocity high
101
How to calculated LVDP?
From AR and taking aortic Diastole LVDP= Aortic Diastole - 4(AR)2
102
C F G
103
What does S2 represent in Vein flow
S2= atrial contraction S1=Atrail relaxtation or systole ventricular D=open of mitral valve (rapid filling) AR= Atrial contaction
104
What affect Harmonic Image
axial resolution
105
Posterior Basal. o any basal (inferolateral or inferior
106
PDA IT's usually between the aorta and the Righ coronary artery
107
if the Vp (propagation Velocity) is more than 200 its constrictive pericarditis
108
There is not A wave so the answers are: Atrial Fibrilation Acute Aortic Regurgitation (the lv is so full than there is a premature closer of the MV
109
Severe MR look the E wave more than 1.2 even though the Regurgitation is not triangular
110
This is MR no severe because the E waves is less than 1.2m/s (semiquantite evaluation of MR) ALso this is aliasing Aliasing is always gonna be seeing if the velocity of it is more than 2m/s
111
Vegetation or Cardiac Mass on Pulmonary valve TEE
112
This is compatible with Hepatic V systole flow reversal (typically seen in TR)
113
Heart F with a device. you can see two normal y one abnormal
114
Pulmonary HTN
115
Thoracic Aorta Anyurisms
116
During Stess Echo What is known as Biphasic
Hibernation. Because it gets better at lowe doses but worse at higer doses
117
Dinamic LVOT obstruction Dagger Shape
118
How is the C -D slope of the MV in Stenosis
long and decrease

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