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Surgery > ILOs > Flashcards

ILOs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis

A

Upper epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting, pain radiating to the back, fever

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2
Q

What blood results are abnormal in acute pancreatitis?

A

Increase in both serum lipase and amylase

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3
Q

What is the pneumonic to remember the causes of acute pancreatitis?

A

GET SMASHED

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4
Q

When you believe your patient has pancreatitis should you feed them?

A

NOOOOOO

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5
Q

What is the SCORE system that we use when assessing patients with pancreatitis?

A

Ranson score

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6
Q

What is one of the early complications of acute pancreatitis?

A

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

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7
Q

What is one of the long term complications of pancreatitis?

A

Chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic insufficiency

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8
Q

When some one is malnourished what is the biggest risk factor that they face when they begin eating again?

A

Re-feeding syndrome

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9
Q

What is the problem that occurs in re-feeding syndrome?

A

Electrolyte imbalances

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10
Q

What type of feeding is parental feeding?

A

It is when the patient receives all of their nutrients from an IV route

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11
Q

What is the difference between parental nutrition (PN) and total parental nutrition (TPN)?

A

PN –> the patient only receives nutrients from the feed
TPN –> the patient receives all of their nutrients and fluids from the IV feed

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12
Q

What is one of the biggest complications seen with PN feeding?

A

Liver disease

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13
Q

What is Enteral Feeding?

A

This is when the patients feed is delivered directly to their gut as their gut is still intact

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14
Q

When do patients usually require enteral feeding?

A

When they have a neurological disorder

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15
Q

What should you ensure you have done once you have administered the feed?

A

Flush the tube

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15
Q

Who decides what feed a patient receives?

A

Dietician

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16
Q

Who are at the highest risk of developing gallstones?

A

4 F’s
Fat
Forty
Fair
Female

17
Q

What is the main component of gallstones?

A

Cholesterol

18
Q

When do gallstones become painful?

A

when they become stuck and cause obstructions

19
Q

What type of pain is felt with gallstones?

A

Biliary colic pain

20
Q

What is thought to cause gallstones?

A

An imbalance of chemicals in the bile causes the stone formation

21
Q

What high levels cause the formation of gallstones? (theres 2)

A
  • bilirubin
  • cholesterol
22
Q

Where will the pain be worst with gallstones?

A

Right Epigastric region

23
Q

What is Cholecystitis?

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder

24
Q

What is Cholangitis?

A

Inflammation of the bile duct

25
Q

What is Pancreatitis?

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

26
Q

What is the diagnostic test that we carry out to confirm gallstones?

A

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography (ERCP)

27
Q

What procedure is a cholecystectomy?

A

Removal of the gall bladder

28
Q

What are the two main ways that you can deliver anaesthetics?

A
  • Inhalation of the drug
  • IV administration of the drug
29
Q

What is the most commonly used anaesthetic?

A

Propofol (Diprivan)

30
Q

What are the 4 main drugs that anaesthetists use to induce anaesthetic?

A
  1. Propofol
  2. Thiopental sodium
  3. Etomidate
  4. Ketamine
31
Q

What drug is usually used in paediatrics to induce anaesthetic?

A

Ketamine

32
Q

What is the usual drug of choice for inhalation of anaesthetics?

A

Isoflurane

33
Q

What’s the main benefit of using Isoflurane as an inhalation drug?

A

It does not effect the heart rhythm

34
Q

What drug class are used both pre and post operative?

A

Opioids

35
Q

What are the two most commonly used opioids?

A

fentanyl and morphine

36
Q

Which drugs induce complete relaxation of the muscles?

A

Muscle relaxants (Paralytics)

37
Q

Are there reversal drugs available for paralytics?

A

Yes

38
Q

There are 3 ways to administer local anaesthetics, what are they?

A
  • Local application
  • Local injection
  • Nerve block
39
Q

What’s the most commonly used local anaesthetic?

A

Lidocaine

40
Q

If a patient has a DVT, how long should they remain on anticoagulants for?

A

3 months

41
Q

If a patient has had an unprovoked blood clot that’s led to a PE, how long should they

A

Surgery (1 decks)

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