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Neurology > ILO Stroke Week > Flashcards

ILO Stroke Week Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main types of stroke?

A

Ischaemic and haemorrhagic

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2
Q

What is the most common type of stroke?

A

Ischaemic

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3
Q

How long will a TIA last for?

A

Under 24 hours

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4
Q

Name some risk factors that increase your risk of stroke

A

CVD, AF, obesity, diabetes, carotid artery disease, COCP, smoking

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5
Q

What is the structure called the supplies the brain with blood?

A

Circle of Willis

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6
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

A
  • Frontal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
  • Temporal lobe
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7
Q

Whats the role of the temporal lobe?

A

Memory, hearing and emotions

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8
Q

Whats the role of the occipital lobe?

A

To process the visual information and allow us to see things

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9
Q

Whats the role of the parietal lobe?

A

This contains the primary sensory cortex and allows us to perceive all of the senses.

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10
Q

Whats the role of the frontal lobe?

A

This p-lays a role in memory and perspective

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11
Q

What are the two centres that allow us to speak?

A

Brocka’s and Wernickes

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12
Q

What is the role of Brocka’s area?

A

To allow us to speak and form the words

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13
Q

What is the role of Wernicke’s

A

To allow us to understand speech and talk back appropriately

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14
Q

What lies below the midbrain?

A

The pons and then the medulla

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15
Q

What is the midbrain?

A

Its a relay system

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16
Q

Is the midbrain a CNS or a PNS structure?

A

CNS

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17
Q

What is the most superior part of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain

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18
Q

What makes up the brain stem?

A

Midbrain, pons and medulla

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19
Q

What are the two parts of the midbrain?

A

Tectum and tegmentum

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20
Q

What makes up the hind brain?

A

Pons, medulla, cerebellum and spinal cord

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21
Q

What is the role if the brainstem?

A

It connects the brain to the spinal cord

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22
Q

Name some things that the hindbrain controls

A

Breathing and heart rate

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23
Q

At what part of the brainstem does the brain transitions into the spinal cord?

A

Medulla

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24
Q

What is the role of the meninges?

A

To act as a shock absorber for the brain if there is any significant injury.

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25
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges?

A

DAP
- Dura matter
- Arachnoid matter
- Pia matter

26
Q

What is contained within the arachnoid matter?

A

Subarachnoid space

27
Q

What is the role of the ventricular system?

A

A communicating cavity that is responsible for the production, transport and removal of CSF

28
Q

What are the CSF 3 main functions?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Buoyancy
  3. Chemical stability
29
Q

Where does the 4th ventricle receive its supply of CSF from?

A

The 3rd ventricle

30
Q

Where does the 4th ventricle drain into?

A

The central spinal canal and subarachnoid cisterns

31
Q

What are the two paired arteries that supply the brain with blood?

A

Vertebral arteries and the common carotid arteries

32
Q

What arises from the internal carotid artery?

A

Anterior and middle cerebral arteries

33
Q

What arises from the basilar artery?

A

Posterior cerebral artery

34
Q

When the internal carotid and the vertebral arteries anastomose, what do they form?

A

The circle of willis

35
Q

How can you determine whether a patient is having a haemorrhagic or an ischaemic stroke?

A

CT head
NO CONTRAST!!

36
Q

On a head CT will you see a haemorrhagic or an ischaemic stroke immediately?

A

Haemorrhagic

37
Q

What is the window for thrombolysis (according to the NICE guidelines)

A

4 hours

38
Q

What do we use to thrombolyse patients?

A

Alteplase

39
Q

If you patient presents within 24 hours of stroke symptoms and is confirmed to be having an ischaemic stroke what should you prescribe?

A

Aspirin

40
Q

What is the long term treatment after a stroke?

A
  • Clopidogrel
  • Sometimes dual antiplatelet therapy
  • Statins
41
Q

What medication do we use commonly to bring down a patients BP if it is severely high during a stroke?

A

Labetalol

42
Q

What is the acronym that is used to remember the signs and symptoms for stroke?

A

F face
A arms
S speech
T time

43
Q

Do the sensory pathways move upwards (ascending) or downwards (descending)?

A

Upwards, they are the ascending pathways

44
Q

Do the motor pathways move upwards (ascending) or downwards (descending)?

A

Downwards, they are the descending pathways

45
Q

Where do the fibres decussate on the ascending (sensory) pathway?

A

The medulla oblongata

46
Q

Where in the brain do the sensory signals synapse?

A

Ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus

47
Q

What are the two mechanosensory pathways?

A

Dorsal column medial lemniscal system and the Trigeminal mechanosensory pathway

48
Q

Where does the Dorsal column medial lemniscal system run?

A

Head to rest of the body

49
Q

Where does the Trigeminal mechanosensory pathway run?

A

Head to neck

50
Q

In the motor pathway what is the tract that runs from head to body?

A

Corticospinal tract

51
Q

In the motor pathway what is the tract that runs from head to neck?

A

Corticobulbar tract

52
Q

What are the two major tracts that make up the motor pathways?

A
  • Pyramidal tracts
  • Extrapyramidal tracts
53
Q

What are included in the pyramidal tracts of the motorsensory system?

A

Corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts

54
Q

Are pyramidal tracts responsible for voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Voluntary

55
Q

Are extrapyramidal tracts responsible for voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Involuntary

56
Q

Are there any synapses within the motor pathway, if so where are they?

A

No, all of the neurones synapse with LMN therefore, all neurones in the motorpathway are UMN

57
Q

Do fibres in the lateral corticospinal tract decussate or not? If so where?

A

Yes, they run contralaterally and they cross at the medulla

58
Q

Do fibres in the anterior corticospinal tract decussate or not? If so where?

A

No, they remain ipsilateral and the decussate when they are LMN

59
Q

Where do the neurones in the corticobulbar tract synapse?

A

Motor nuclei of the cranial nerves

60
Q

Where does the extrapyramidal tract run to and from?

A

From brainstem to spinal cord

Neurology (2 decks)

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