Illicit Drugs Flashcards by Michel Douglas

Is alcohol addictive?

Yes

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What are the effects and MOA of alcohol?

Relaxed, disinhibition, aggressive

GABA agonist, depressant

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Withdrawal symptoms of alcohol?

DTs, sweats, shakes,
nausea, retching, anxiety,
hallucinations, seizures,
Wernickes encephalopathy

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Risks and negative effects of alcohol?

Hangovers, accidents,
overdose, addiction,
depression, anxiety, memory
problems, dementia,
Korsakoffs psychosis

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What class are amphetamines and are they addictive?

Yes

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What are the effects and MOA of amphetamines?

Wide awake, excited,
talkative, reduced
hunger/appetite, more energy.

Monoamine agonist/antagonist

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What are the withdrawal symptoms of amphetamines?

Lethargy, drowsiness, poor

concentration

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What are the risks and negative effects of amphetamines?

Dependency, insomnia, poor
concentration, anxiety,
depression, irritability,
aggression and paranoia,
psychosis, cardiac problems

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What is amyl nitrate and what are the effects?

“Poppers”

Rush/high

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What are the risks and negative effects of amyl nitrate?

Hypotension,
unconsciousness, nausea,
headache, confusion,
arrhythmia & sudden death

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What class is cannabis and is it addictive?

Yes

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What are the effects of cannabis?

Chilled out, relaxed and
happy, giggles, very talkative.
hungry

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What are the withdrawal symptoms of cannabis?

Irritability, mood changes,
feeling sick, loss of appetite,
difficulty sleeping; and even
sweating, shaking and
diarrhoea in some people.

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What are the risks and negative effects of cannabis?

Cravings &amp; psychological
dependency, anxiety,
paranoia, poor concentration,
poor memory, apathy,
psychosis, precipitate
schizophrenia

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What class is cocaine and is it addictive?

Yes

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What are the effects of cocaine?

Feel on top of the world, wide awake,

confident, reduces hunger, short-acting

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What are the withdrawal symptoms of cocaine?

Low mood, generally unwell,

psychological dependence

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What are the risks and negative effects of cocaine?

Tachycardia, raised
temperature, MI, heart 
failure, hypertension,
seizure, depression, anxiety,
panic attacks, paranoia

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What class are benzodiazepines and are they addictive?

Yes

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What are the effects of benzodiazepines and the MOA?

Relaxed, calm, less anxious, sedated.

Gaba agonist

What are the withdrawal symptoms of benzodiazepines?

Decreased concentration,
tremors, nausea, vomiting,
headaches, anxiety, panic
attacks, confusion,
depression, seizures

What are the risks and negative effects of benzodiazepines?

Respiratory depression, falls,
hangover, memory loss,
sedation, death with injection

What class is GHB/GBL and are they addictive?

Yes

What are the effects of GHB/GBL and the MOA?

Euphoria, reduced inhibitions and drowsiness

Gaba agonist

What are the withdrawal symptoms of GHB/GBL?

Insomnia, anxiety, tremor, | delirium

What are the risks and negative effects of GHB/GBL?

``` Nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, agitation, visual disturbances, respiratory depression, unconsciousness, coma, death (esp. if mixed with alcohol) ```

What class is heroin and is it addictive?

A | Yes

What are the effects of heroin and the MOA?

Warm feeling, mild euphoria, relaxed, drowsiness, analgesia, constricted pupils Opioid agonist

What are the withdrawal symptoms of heroin?

``` Sweating, malaise, anxiety, depression, akathisia, excessive yawning or sneezing, tears, rhinorrhea, sleep difficulties (insomnia), cold sweats, chills, severe muscle & bone aches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, cramps, watery eyes, involuntary limb spasms ```

What are the risks and negatives of heroin?

Constipation, addiction/dependency, respiratory depression, hallucination

What class is ketamine and is it addictive?

B | Yes

What are the effects of ketamine and the MOA?

Relaxation, altered bodily sensations, floating feelings, dissociation, altered perceptions, hallucinations NMDA antagonist

What are the withdrawal symptoms of ketamine?

None yet reported

What are the risks and negatives of ketamine?

anaesthetic (WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – injectable general anaesthetic – also propofol) ulcerative cystitis, bladder pain, memory problems, dependency panic attacks, confusion, agitation

What class is LSD and is it addictive?

A | No

What are the effects of LSD and the MOA?

Hallucinations, sensory distortions and altered perceptions. Dopamine (+5HT) agonist

What are the risks and negatives of LSD?

Fear (“bad trips”), anxiety, panic, depression, flashbacks, accidents, psychosis

What class is MDMA and is it addictive?

A | No

What are the effects of MDMA?

Energised, happy, alertness, increased affection, chatty, dilated pupils

What are the withdrawal symptoms of MDMA?

Lethargy, depression, | memory problems

What are the risks and negatives of MDMA?

``` Anxiousness, panic attacks, confused episodes, paranoia, psychosis, tachycardia, hyperpyrexia, electrolyte disturbances, de and over-hydration ```

What class is mephedrone and is it addictive?

B | Yes

What are the effects of mephedrone and the MOA?

Feel alert, confident, talkative, euphoric, increased affection, reduced appetite Monoamine agonist/antagonist

What are the risks and negatives of mephedrone?

``` Nausea, anxiety, headaches, vomiting, agitation, hallucinations, seizures, reduced peripheral circulation, epistaxis, addiction paranoia, self-harm ```

What class are psilocybin mushrooms and are they addictive?

A | No

What are the effects of psilocybin mushrooms and the MOA?

Disorientation, lethargy, giddiness, relaxed, euphoria, perceptual and sensory changes, hallucinations 5HT partial agonist

What are the risks and negatives of psilocybin mushrooms?

``` Poisoning, death, nausea, disorientation, diarrhoea, stomach pains, depression, anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, “bad trips”, flashbacks ```

What three drug additions do we prescribe substitutes for and what are they?

Smoking - Nicotine replacement Alcohol - Benzodiazepines Opiates - Methodone