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Psychiatry > Illicit Drugs > Flashcards

Illicit Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Is alcohol addictive?

A

Yes

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2
Q

What are the effects and MOA of alcohol?

A

Relaxed, disinhibition, aggressive

GABA agonist, depressant

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3
Q

Withdrawal symptoms of alcohol?

A

DTs, sweats, shakes,
nausea, retching, anxiety,
hallucinations, seizures,
Wernickes encephalopathy

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4
Q

Risks and negative effects of alcohol?

A 
Hangovers, accidents,
overdose, addiction,
depression, anxiety, memory
problems, dementia,
Korsakoffs psychosis
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5
Q

What class are amphetamines and are they addictive?

A

B

Yes

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6
Q

What are the effects and MOA of amphetamines?

A

Wide awake, excited,
talkative, reduced
hunger/appetite, more energy.

Monoamine agonist/antagonist

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7
Q

What are the withdrawal symptoms of amphetamines?

A

Lethargy, drowsiness, poor

concentration

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8
Q

What are the risks and negative effects of amphetamines?

A 
Dependency, insomnia, poor
concentration, anxiety,
depression, irritability,
aggression and paranoia,
psychosis, cardiac problems
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9
Q

What is amyl nitrate and what are the effects?

A

“Poppers”

Rush/high

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10
Q

What are the risks and negative effects of amyl nitrate?

A

Hypotension,
unconsciousness, nausea,
headache, confusion,
arrhythmia & sudden death

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11
Q

What class is cannabis and is it addictive?

A

B

Yes

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12
Q

What are the effects of cannabis?

A

Chilled out, relaxed and
happy, giggles, very talkative.
hungry

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13
Q

What are the withdrawal symptoms of cannabis?

A 
Irritability, mood changes,
feeling sick, loss of appetite,
difficulty sleeping; and even
sweating, shaking and
diarrhoea in some people.
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14
Q

What are the risks and negative effects of cannabis?

A 
Cravings & psychological
dependency, anxiety,
paranoia, poor concentration,
poor memory, apathy,
psychosis, precipitate
schizophrenia
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15
Q

What class is cocaine and is it addictive?

A

A

Yes

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16
Q

What are the effects of cocaine?

A

Feel on top of the world, wide awake,

confident, reduces hunger, short-acting

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17
Q

What are the withdrawal symptoms of cocaine?

A

Low mood, generally unwell,

psychological dependence

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18
Q

What are the risks and negative effects of cocaine?

A 
Tachycardia, raised
temperature, MI, heart 
failure, hypertension,
seizure, depression, anxiety,
panic attacks, paranoia
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19
Q

What class are benzodiazepines and are they addictive?

A

C

Yes

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20
Q

What are the effects of benzodiazepines and the MOA?

A

Relaxed, calm, less anxious, sedated.

Gaba agonist

21
Q

What are the withdrawal symptoms of benzodiazepines?

A 
Decreased concentration,
tremors, nausea, vomiting,
headaches, anxiety, panic
attacks, confusion,
depression, seizures
22
Q

What are the risks and negative effects of benzodiazepines?

A

Respiratory depression, falls,
hangover, memory loss,
sedation, death with injection

23
Q

What class is GHB/GBL and are they addictive?

A

C

Yes

24
Q

What are the effects of GHB/GBL and the MOA?

A

Euphoria, reduced inhibitions and drowsiness

Gaba agonist

25
Q

What are the withdrawal symptoms of GHB/GBL?

A

Insomnia, anxiety, tremor,

delirium

26
Q

What are the risks and negative effects of GHB/GBL?

A 
Nausea, dizziness,
drowsiness, agitation, visual
disturbances, respiratory
depression,
unconsciousness, coma,
death (esp. if mixed with
alcohol)
27
Q

What class is heroin and is it addictive?

A

A

Yes

28
Q

What are the effects of heroin and the MOA?

A

Warm feeling, mild euphoria,
relaxed, drowsiness,
analgesia, constricted pupils

Opioid agonist

29
Q

What are the withdrawal symptoms of heroin?

A 
Sweating, malaise, anxiety,
depression, akathisia,
excessive yawning or
sneezing, tears, rhinorrhea,
sleep difficulties (insomnia),
cold sweats, chills, severe
muscle & bone aches,
nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea,
cramps, watery eyes,
involuntary limb spasms
30
Q

What are the risks and negatives of heroin?

A

Constipation,
addiction/dependency,
respiratory depression,
hallucination

31
Q

What class is ketamine and is it addictive?

A

B

Yes

32
Q

What are the effects of ketamine and the MOA?

A

Relaxation, altered bodily
sensations, floating feelings,
dissociation, altered
perceptions, hallucinations

NMDA antagonist

33
Q

What are the withdrawal symptoms of ketamine?

A

None yet reported

34
Q

What are the risks and negatives of ketamine?

A

anaesthetic (WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – injectable general anaesthetic – also propofol)

ulcerative cystitis, bladder
pain, memory problems,
dependency panic attacks,
confusion, agitation

35
Q

What class is LSD and is it addictive?

A

A

No

36
Q

What are the effects of LSD and the MOA?

A

Hallucinations, sensory
distortions and altered
perceptions.

Dopamine (+5HT) agonist

37
Q

What are the risks and negatives of LSD?

A

Fear (“bad trips”), anxiety,
panic, depression,
flashbacks, accidents,
psychosis

38
Q

What class is MDMA and is it addictive?

A

A

No

39
Q

What are the effects of MDMA?

A

Energised, happy, alertness,
increased affection, chatty,
dilated pupils

40
Q

What are the withdrawal symptoms of MDMA?

A

Lethargy, depression,

memory problems

41
Q

What are the risks and negatives of MDMA?

A 
Anxiousness, panic attacks,
confused episodes,
paranoia, psychosis,
tachycardia, hyperpyrexia,
electrolyte disturbances, 
de and over-hydration
42
Q

What class is mephedrone and is it addictive?

A

B

Yes

43
Q

What are the effects of mephedrone and the MOA?

A

Feel alert, confident, talkative,
euphoric, increased affection,
reduced appetite

Monoamine agonist/antagonist

44
Q

What are the risks and negatives of mephedrone?

A 
Nausea, anxiety, headaches,
vomiting, agitation,
hallucinations, seizures,
reduced peripheral
circulation, epistaxis,
addiction paranoia, self-harm
45
Q

What class are psilocybin mushrooms and are they addictive?

A

A

No

46
Q

What are the effects of psilocybin mushrooms and the MOA?

A

Disorientation, lethargy,
giddiness, relaxed, euphoria,
perceptual and sensory
changes, hallucinations

5HT partial agonist

47
Q

What are the risks and negatives of psilocybin mushrooms?

A 
Poisoning, death, nausea,
disorientation, diarrhoea,
stomach pains, depression,
anxiety, paranoia, panic
attacks, “bad trips”,
flashbacks
48
Q

What three drug additions do we prescribe substitutes for and what are they?

A

Smoking - Nicotine replacement
Alcohol - Benzodiazepines
Opiates - Methodone

Psychiatry (22 decks)

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