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Classics > Iliad - Main Characters > Flashcards

Iliad - Main Characters Flashcards

1
Q

Helen - Book 3

A

Working at the loom, weaving scenes of conflict, interrupted by Iris.
Invited to introduce the Greeks to the Priam
Aphrodite orders her and Paris to make love. She taunts Paris and says she wished he would die at war.

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2
Q

Helen - Book 6

A

Talks to Hector about how much she hates her self.

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3
Q

Helen - Book 24

A

Laments Hector. Lament is mostly just about herself, says he was the only one who treated her nicely.

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4
Q

Patroclus - Book 1

A

Doesn’t speak, brings Briseis to Agamemnon.

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5
Q

Patroclus - Book 9

A

Doesn’t speak, cooks for Achilles’ guests in the hut.

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6
Q

Patroclus - Book 16

A

Begs Achilles to return to battle, as the men are in trouble. He taunts and criticises Achilles.
He fights in Achilles’ armour, goes against his warning of not going further than the walls of Troy.
Kills Sarpedon
Struck by Apollo, wounded by Euphorbus, then finished off by Hector.
‘Helmet of Doom’ - Hubris before a fall.

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7
Q

Patroclus - Book 17

A

Fight over his body

Achilles still hasn’t heard, but his horses weep for Patroclus.

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8
Q

Patroclus - Book 23

A

Appears as a ghost and asks Achilles for a proper burial and funeral - pathos.
His death was important as it made Achilles return to war, but would eventually lead to his own death.

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9
Q

Odysseus - Book 1

A

Takes Chryseis back to her father

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10
Q

Odysseus - Book 3

A

Helen described him to the Trojans in the teichoscopia, ‘quick thinking’

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11
Q

Odysseus - Book 4

A

Surveyed by Agamemnon, who criticises him and makes him mad - all part of tactics and hyping him up to fight.

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12
Q

Odysseus - Book 9

A

On the embassy to Achilles. First one to speak - speech is persuasive and political and he mentions his father, and appeals to Achilles’ desire for kleos.

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13
Q

Odysseus - Book 10

A

Volunteers to go on the night attack. Captures and kills Dolon. Then kills the Thracians and their leader Rhesus, takes their horses and return in triumph.

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14
Q

Odysseus - Book 19

A

Voice of reason, makes the men eat and drink first.

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15
Q

Odysseus - Book 23

A

Draws with Ajax in wrestling

Helped by Athene to win the foot race

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16
Q

Nestor - Book 1

A

Wise, tells Agamemnon not to take Briseis

Tries to get Agamemnon and Achilles to make amends.

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17
Q

Nestor - Book 4

A

Encourages the troops to fight

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18
Q

Nestor - Book 6

A

Tells them not to loot, but instead says they should focus on killing the Trojans

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19
Q

Nestor - Book 9

A

Nestor proposes Agamemnon should apologise to Achilles, proposes the embassy.

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20
Q

Nestor - Book 10

A

At the council, proposes the night attack

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21
Q

Nestor - Book 23

A

Urges his son, Antilochus, in the chariot race.

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22
Q

Menelaus - Book 3

A

Duels with Paris, excited about the duel - ‘a lion that has found a carcass’.
Essentially wins, but is cheated by Aphrodite

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23
Q

Menelaus - Book 4

A

Zeus agrees Menelaus won
Reviewed by Agamemnon
Gets wounded and then protected by Athene
Battle gets restarted

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24
Q

Menelaus - Book 6

A

Milder than Agamemnon- as he is about to spare Adrestus’ life, but Agamemnon orders to kill him

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25
Q

Menelaus - Book 17

A

Soliloquy. Worried about how he cannot protect Patroclus’ body

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26
Q

Menelaus - Book 23

A

Annoyed because of Antilochus’ cheating, but then eventually accepts his apology
Like Achilles, he shows generosity

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27
Q

Diomedes - Book 4

A

Reviewed by Agamemnon, gets criticised, contrasted to his father - Tydeus. But he took it respectively
Then silences Sthenelus when he responds to Agamemnon

28
Q

Diomedes - Book 6

A

Kills a couple of Trojans

Meets Glaucus on the battlefield, share stories of xenia, and exchange armour

29
Q

Diomedes - Book 9

A

Agamemnon calls the Greeks for a meeting - when he says he will return home - Diomedes rebukes this idea and criticises Agamemnon
And criticises him again for thinking he could win Achilles over with gifts
Gives an authoritative speech and highlights the importance of food, drink and sleep

30
Q

Diomedes - Book 10

A

Volunteers for night attack
Questions Dolon
Thracians killed, return in triumph

31
Q

Diomedes - Book 23

A

Wins some games

32
Q

Agamemnon - Book 1

A

Has no respect for Chryses and his daughter. Once he is forced to return her, he demands compensation.
Arrogant, pitiless and selfish

33
Q

Agamemnon - Book 3

A

When the duel is over, he declares Menelaus as the winner ‘…and all the Greeks applauded’.

34
Q

Agamemnon - Book 4

A

He laments Menelaus’ wound. More human side.

Then when battle is joined, he surveys his troops, gives them rallying speeches, some good, some bad.

35
Q

Agamemnon - Book 6

A

More animal like. Tells Menelaus to kill them all. ‘we are not going to leave a single one of them alive’

36
Q

Agamemnon - Book 9

A

Is desperate. Says he’ll leave Troy. Nestor proposes he apologises to Achilles. Offers gifts.
One of the conditions is that Achilles must recognise Agamemnon as the leader

37
Q

Agamemnon - Book 10

A

Could not sleep, calls a council, rouses up the men. Worried for the Greeks

38
Q

Agamemnon - Book 19

A

Still doesn’t actually apologise, blames Delusion for his actions. He cannot take responsibility or admit guilt

39
Q

Agamemnon - Book 23

A

For Patroclus’ funeral, he sent for mules and for men to fetch wood.

40
Q

Achilles - Book 1

A

Calls an assembly in the Greek camp
Presented as an authority figure.
Then gets angry as Agamemnon disrespected him. He refuses to fight, asks Thethis to cause destruction on Greeks.
Time, Kleos, Menis

41
Q

Achilles - Book 9

A

Ajax, Phoenix and Odysseus turn on behalf of Agamemnon. Achilles = good xenia. He refuses their offer, but Phoenix had some slight impact.

42
Q

Achilles - Book 16

A

Gets insulted by Patroclus. But still won’t fight until the Trojans starting burning their ships. Let’s Patroclus fight in his armour, and gives a speech. But still has heroic status in mind, as he doesn’t want Patroclus to go past the gates.

43
Q

Achilles - Book 18

A

Fights again after the Patroclus’ death
Renounces anger with Agamemnon
Now, his anger is faced towards Hector, wants to avenge Patroclus.
Achilles lies weeping on the beach, Thethis laments him, like he is already dead. ‘Spread out in the dust’- foretells his death
Gets new armour

44
Q

Achilles - Book 19

A

Reconciles with Agamemnon- gets Briseis back

Determined to kill Hector, even though his own death will follow

45
Q

Achilles - Book 22

A

Turns into an animal. Says he’ll eat Hector’s raw flesh
He defiles Hector’s body and drags him around 3 times
Still upset

46
Q

Achilles - Book 23

A

Mourns Patroclus, and then is visited by his ghost, who asks for a proper funeral
Patroclus’ funeral, also his own funeral, as he’ll never return home to his father
But at the games, he forgets about the grief, is generous and a good host.

47
Q

Achilles - Book 24

A

Cannot sleep, drags Hector’s body around Patroclus’ grave.
Thethis tells Achilles to give the body back
Moved by the sight of Priam, makes him think of his own father.
More human side again

48
Q

Priam - Book 3

A

Helen introduces the Greeks to Priam, nice to Helen

Leaves the walls, cannot bare to see if Paris loses.

49
Q

Priam - Book 22

A

Begs Hector not to fight
Already begins to mourn his death, before he goes to fight
Then laments when he dies, by covering himself in dung

50
Q

Priam - Book 24

A

Hecabe tries to stop him going to see Achilles
His journey there is symbolic journey to Hades
- he travels at night
- accompanied by Hermes
- crosses a river to get there
Parallels with book 1, where Chryses enters enemy camp
Bond between them, Priam mentions Peleus
Vulnerable

51
Q

Paris - Book 3

A

Taunted by Hector ‘a woman-crazed seducer’
Encourages him to fight against Menelaus
Would have lost, but he was saved by Aphrodite, she then ordered him and Helen to make love

52
Q

Paris - Book 6

A

Meets with Hector again, who taunts him - then returns to war.
Hector blamed him for starting the war

53
Q

Hector - Book 3

A

Accuses Paris of only having good looks, but no strength or courage. ‘you should have never been born’
Perceived as the most threatening Trojan by the Greeks

54
Q

Hector - Book 6

A

Helenus advises him to rally the troops and get his mother to make an offering to Athene
He meets with Andromache and Hecabe
Does listen to Andromache, but is more concerned with winning kleos
Taunts Paris again lol

55
Q

Hector - Book 16

A

The idea of the Greeks desecrating Sarpedon’s body motivates him. Zeus and Apollo push and pull him to and from the gates. Apollo, pushing him to kill Patroclus. Didn’t kill him alone though, so may diminish his kleos?
He taunts the dead body, shows he’s a true hero

56
Q

Hector - Book 17

A

Bravery questioned by Glaucas - blames Zeus for cowardice.

Puts Achilles’ armour on, about to advance, but is faced by the Ajaxes, so retreats again.

57
Q

Hector - Book 18

A

Tries to take Patroclus’ body

Doesn’t listen to Polydamus - instead prepares to fight and wrongly thinks the Gods are on his side

58
Q

Hector - Book 22

A

Begged not to fight
Chased by Achilles 3 times
Zeus weighs up their fates, Hector is doomed
Is deserted by Apollo and tricked by Athene (ate)
Tries to make a deal with Achilles
Gets killed
Body dragged around

59
Q

Hector - Book 24

A

His funeral

He is lamented - learn more from him in Helen’s lament

60
Q

Hecabe - Book 6

A

Meets Hector in the palace, and offers him wine then suggests a libation to Zeus (but he is not clean???)
Seen as the mother of Troy, which Hector asks her to protect, by offering her best robe to Athene

61
Q

Hecabe - Book 22

A

Already begins to lament and weep, holds her breast to Hector and begged him not to fight
She tore her hair out and screamed when he died ‘a man they treated like a God’ - highlighted how he will be missed

62
Q

Hecabe - Book 24

A

Tries to stop Priam from going to see Achilles

Begs him not to go, and that he should stay and mourn Hector instead, but fails to stop him.

63
Q

Andromache - Book 6

A

She’s not with the other women in the temple, but is on the towers with her son, already lamenting
Has seen the men are in danger.
She begs Hector not ti fight, telling him she’ll have no male to protect her, as Achilles killed her father and brothers.
Mentions how Astyanax will have no father
She’ll be a widow
She goes back to the palace, and mourns him, even though he’s still alive.

64
Q

Andromache - Book 22

A

Prepares for Hector’s return
Then hears of his death and faints.
Laments - emphasises what life will be like for their son , no father, no friends

65
Q

Andromache - Book 24

A

Laments again at the funeral
Third lament focuses on her and what will happen because she’s a widow - enslaved by Greeks.
FORETELLS THE FALL OF TROY, in saying that Astyanax will not grow into man hood. Hector - not there to keep Troy safe.

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