Iliad Book 18 Flashcards
Who tells Achilles that Patroklos is dead ?
Antilochos
How does Achilles showcase his grief ?
Covers face with dust and tears his hair - makes himself look worse in empathy of the dead
Screams so loudly!
what does Antilochus have to do to Achilles as he is grieving so much
Grabs his hands in fear that he will commit suicide
How is Achilles’ screaming upon finding out patroklos is dead emphasised cinematically ?
He screams
The women scream
Thetis screams
The nereids scream
What does Achilles’ grieving process show ?
Achilles has lost control
What does Thetis agree to do for Achilles ?
Why is this so tragic ?
Go to Hephaestus and get him armour to fight
Tragic as she is enabling her only son’s death to make him happy
What does Thetis reveal about the fates of Achilles and Hektor.
If Achilles kills Hektor, his death will follow soon after
FATES ARE INTWINED
How could it be argued that Achilles puts his kleos over his oikos like Hektor?
The killing of Patroklos and treatment of his divine armour was an insult to his kleos
He unwaveringly wants to avenge this insult to his kleos rather than please his mother
Unthinking obedience to kleos > oikos like Hektor
What does Iris tell Achilles ?
It will be his shame if Hektor wins Patroklos’ corpse
What does Hektor intend to do to Patroklos’ corpse ?
How is he described ?
He wants to put his head on a spike
He is described as a hungry lion going for a carcass
What does Iris tell Achilles to do ?
What does this reveal about Achilles ?
Tells him to show himself to the trojans to instil “mighty terror” amongst them
This reveals Achilles’ total potency
How do the gods influence Achilles’ reveal to the trojans.
Athene puts an aegis on him
Here puts golden cloud on him
Which prophet advises Hektor to go to defend the walls of Troy
Poulydamas
What is Poulydamas’ advice at the assembly ?
What is Hektor’s response ?
What does this reveal about Hektor ?
Advises him that the trojans should go to defend the walls of Troy because of the power of Achilles
Hektor calls him a fool.
States his double determinism (human and divine) as Zeus was giving him glory and he wanted more kleos
This reveals how Hektor puts his personal kleos over the good of the collective
What does Hektor say in the assembly to the trojans which he later back tracks on ?
“I shall not run from him”
How does Athene influence the Trojan assembly ?
Foils the wits of the Trojans so they support and cheer for Hektor’s speech
How does Homer describe Poulydamas’ advice ?
Good advice
Describe the simile used to describe Achilles and Hektor as Achilles laments his loss
Achilles is compared to a bearded lion whilst Hektor is compared to a cub- stealing man
This undermines Hektor’s status !
What does Achilles swear to Patroklos’ corpse ?
What does this reveal
That he will bring Hektor’s head and armour and murder 12 Trojan children
TRANSGRESSIVE INFANTICIDE
Reveals how Achilles’ motivations are so unwavering, he no longer cares for the gods let alone his own fate
What is the cinematic purpose of Thetis and Hephaestus’ meeting ?
Dissolves tension before the final acts of drama
What does Thetis cry about to Hephaestus?
How she had to marry a man to dilute her power, had only one son who is now doomed !
What 2 cool trinkets does Hephaestus have ?
Maids of gold
Divine wheeling tripods
Describe the contents of Achilles’ new shield
Ocean border
Next layer - sheep cattle and dancing
Next layer - agricultural life with the linos song sing by a boy
Next layer - city at war with an army plotting an ambush which gets discovered. Also to contrast there is a city of peace with a legal dispute being solved by an arbitrator, there is also weddings and dancing.
What is the symbolism of Achilles shield
Depicts everything Achilles will throw away for heroism. Further conveying the tragedy of homeric heroism.
Achilles rejects the natural world, with its natural cycles (lion killing ox, harvest changing, singing, constillations) and the potential for marriage and peace
In favour of avenging his kleos.
Tragedy of unwavering desire to uphold heroism dismisses everything we hold dear to the extent of even dismissing the sanctity of life itself
