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ILAs > ILA 2 Water and Salt Blance > Flashcards

ILA 2 Water and Salt Blance Flashcards

1
Q

How much water is there in the body? What is the distribution of the water?

A

42L
28L- Intracellular
14L- Extracellular

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2
Q

What % of the Bodies sodium is exchangable?
Where is the rest found?

A

70%
other 30% in bone crystal

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3
Q

How much of the total body sodium is found in the ECF and ICF respectively?

A

50% and 5%

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4
Q

What does Osmolality mean?

A

Concentration of solution expressed as solute particles per kg

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5
Q

What is Osmolarity defenition?

A

Concentration of solution expressed as solute per particles per L

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6
Q

What is Oncotic pressure?

A

Pressure exerted by plasma protein on capillary wall

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7
Q

What determines the balance of total extraceullar water?

A

Hydrostatic BP and interstitial colloidal oncotic pressure

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8
Q

Which part of the Capillary has higher hydrostatic pressure? What does this result in?

A

Arteriole end
Forces plasma and nutrients out of the capillaries

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9
Q

What happens to the ICF fluid when there is a drop in blood volume? Why?

A

Falls
Interstitial fluid moves into capillaries causing a reduction in gradient between IF and ICF causing water to leave cells and causing them to shrink

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10
Q

What happens when you have a low number of ALbumin?

A

Decreased oncotic pressure less water enter plasma in capillaries can cause excess fluid in interstitial space

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11
Q

What can Hypoalbuminaemia be a result of? (6)

A

Liver failure
Heart failure
Kidney damage
Protein losing enteropathy
Malnutrition
Inflammation throughout body

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12
Q

What are the 5 key routes of water loss?

A

Urine
Faeces
Sweat
Breath
Vomiting

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13
Q

What gland released ADH?

A

Pituitary gland

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14
Q

How is water conserved in the Nephron of the Kidney?

A

Descending loop- impermeable to NaCl and Permeable to water
Ascending loop- permeable to NaCl and impermeable to water
Water reabsorbed into Distal Convoluted tubule and collecting duct from interstital space

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15
Q

How does ADH work?

A

binds to receptors on collecting duct membrane
produces cAMP which activates protein kinase and phosphorylates proteins increasing rate of vesicles containing aquaporins fusing with membrane

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16
Q

What is thirst stimulated by? (2)

A

Increase in plasma osmolarity
Angiotensin 2

17
Q

What happens in the kidney when renal blood flow is reduced? What is converted into what?

A

Juxtaglomerular cells convert prorenin into renin
Renin then converts angiotensinogen into agniotensin 1
ACE then converts angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2

18
Q

What 5 things does the release of angiotensin 2 stimulate?

A
  1. Increase in sympathetic activity
  2. Na+ and Cl- reabsorption, water retention
  3. Aldosterone secretion
  4. Vasoconstriction
  5. ADH secretion
19
Q

What is the function of Aldosterone?

A

Increase Na+ and Cl- reabsorption, retain water and excrete K+

20
Q

What does Na+ balance determine in the ECF? (2)

A

Blood volume and blood pressure

21
Q

What 3 things occur when there is an excess of fluid?

A

Water moves into ICF
Stops stimulation of hypothalamus
Inhibits ADH in posterior pituitary gland, increasing urine volume

22
Q

What can excess water consumption result in? Why?

A

Cells swelling up
Hyponatremia (low Na+ in blood)

23
Q

What happens if there is excess fluid in the brain? What can this result in?

A

Cerebral oedema
Affects brain stem and CNS function causing seizures unconsciousness or coma

24
Q

What is the name for too much fluid in the brain?

A

Hydrocephalus

25
Q

What is the most prevalent cation within the cell?

A

K+

26
Q

What is the normal blood plasma Osmolarlity?

A

275.295 mOsm/kg

27
Q

Where is the site of synthesis of ADH? where is it stored? where does it act?

A

Hypothalamus
Posterior pituitary gland
Kidney

28
Q

What does the x axis on this graph represent?

A

Plasma osmolarity

29
Q

What three factors are calculated in serum Plasma osmolarity?

A

Na+
Glucose
Urea

30
Q
A

ILAs (4 decks)

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