IIS 2021 Tuckey et al article Flashcards
Cytokines responsible for transforming fibroblasts into myofibroblasts?
Interleukin 1B & Interleukin 6, TNF-alpha
T or F: the IIS paper describes the physiologic basis of tender point formation.
True - and theorizes why pain can become chronic/persistent with ongoing SNS activation.
T or F: In the IIS paper, the main theoretical premise of how pain clearance is blocked and thus becomes chronic is driven by norepinephrine.
False - It is driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines; one result of this includes increased norepinephrine levels (vasoconstriction)
What are PANs & where do they bring info.?
Peripheral afferent nociceptors — to the DRG.
In FCS, what (theoretically) is responsible for the palpable pulsation at a tender point as it releases?
The DRG reflex is
The substance released by fibroblasts & myofibroblasts that causes local Fascial contraction and compression of lymphangions (choose one):
A. Interleukin 1B
B. Interleukin 6
C. TNF-alpha
D. TGF-b1
E. All the above
D. TGF-b1
What 3 effects of TGF-b1 are highlighted in the IIS model?
Creates local Fascial contraction, perimyseal stiffness (gamma motor activation), and compression of pre-lymphatic pathways
True or False:
TGF- b1 is responsible for transforming fibroblasts into myofibroblasts
False: TGF-b1 is released by fibroblasts & myofibroblasts and has a contractile effect on local fascia
What are the 3 primary impacts of PANs
1) Neurogenic or retrograde inflammation (ie-CNS -> periphery, all the tissues convergent upon the neuron in the DRG)
2) Stimulation of Symp. reflexes (SNA)
3) Glial cell neural inflammation (2nd order neuron inflamed = CSS)
Why can you feel edema/density at a neuromuscular tender point presenting in the skin?
Via retrograde inflammation expressed from a deep spinal cord neuron which connects to a patch of skin
What is a clear symptom of centralized sensitization (choose one):
A. Hyperalgesia
B. Allodynia
C. Migraine
D. Paresthesia
B. Allodynia
