III. Vertebral Column/Spinal Column: General Organization of a Vertebra: C - Apophyses. (Pg. 14)

Question 1

What is the name given to the tubular bone growth regions of the vertebral arch?

Answer 1

the apophyseal regions

Question 2

What names may be given to each apophyseal of the spine?

Answer 2

the transverse apophysis or transverse process; articular apophysis or articular process; spinous apophysis or spinous process

Question 3

What is the generic orientation of the transverse process or transverse apophysis at each region of the spine?

Answer 3

cervical - anterolateral; thoracic - posterolateral; lumbar - lateral

Question 4

All non-rib-bearing vertebra of the spine retain what equivalent feature?

Answer 4

the costal element

Question 5

What is the name given to the rounded elevation at the end of the transverse apophysis or transverse process?

Answer 5

the transverse tubercle

Question 6

What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the cervical region?

Answer 6

cervical spinal nerves are pulled forward and downward to form the cervical and brachial nerve plexuses thus remodeling the transverse process to accommodate their new position

Question 7

What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the thoracic region?

Answer 7

the growth of the lungs remodel the shape of the ribs which in turn push the transverse processes backward

Question 8

What will the articular process/articular apophysis support?

Answer 8

the articular facet

Question 9

What is the name given to the joint formed between articular facts of a vertebral couple?

Answer 9

the zygapophysis

Question 10

What is the name given to the bone surface at the front of a zygapophysis?

Answer 10

the superior articular facet

Question 11

What is the name given to the bone surface at the back of a zygapophysis?

Answer 11

the inferior articular facet

Question 12

What names are given to the part of the. Vertebra which supports the front of the zygapophysis?

Answer 12

the superior articular apophysis, the superior articular process, or the pre-zygapophysis

Question 13

What names are given to he part of the vertebra which supports the back of the zygapophysis?

Answer 13

the inferior articular apophysis, the inferior articular process, or the post-zygapophysis

Question 14

In the vertebral couple, the part of the vertebra which lies anterior to the zygapophysis is called _____.

Answer 14

pre-zygapophysis

Question 15

In the vertebral couple, the part of the vertebra which lies posterior tot he zygapophysis is called _____.

Answer 15

post-zygapophysis

Question 16

What is the name given tot the part of the vertebra forming the pre-zygapophysis?

Answer 16

the superior articular process or superior articular apophysis

Question 17

What is the name given to the part of the vertebra forming the post-zygapophysis?

Answer 17

the inferior articular process or inferior articular apophysis

Question 18

What is the method of calculating the angle of the spinous process/spinous apophysis?

Answer 18

calculate the angle formed between the undersufrace of the spinous process/spinous apophysis and the horizontal plane

Question 19

What is the name given to the normal overlap of spinous processes or spinous apophyses as seen on X-ray?

Answer 19

imbrication

Question 20

What is the name given to the rounded elevation at the tip o the spinous process/spinous apophysis?

Answer 20

the spinous tubercle

Question 21

What is the orientation fo the spinous process/spinous apophysis at teach region fo the spine?

Answer 21

cervical - slight angle inferiorly
thoracic - noticeable angle inferiorly
lumbar - no inferior angle

Question 22

What will form the posterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

Answer 22

the inferior articular process/post-zygapophysis, the superior articular process/pre-zygapophysis, the capsular ligament, and the ligamentum flavum

Question 23

What will form the superior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

Answer 23

the inferior vetrtebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

Question 24

What will form the inferior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

Answer 24

the superior vertebral notch or superior vertebral incisure

Question 25

What will form the anterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

Answer 25

the vertebral body of the segment above, the vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral disc, and the posterior longitudinal ligament