III. Diabetes & Obstetrics Flashcards
Pancreatic islets of Langerhans:
α – ____
β – ____
δ – ____
α – synthesize glucagon
β – synthesize insulin
δ – synthesize somatostatin
The islets are innervated by ____ & ____
PNS, SNS
____ and ____ operate in reciprocal manner to maintain blood glucose concentration within normal range
Insulin
glucagon
The body maintains plasma glucose within a ____ mmol/L range ( ____ mg/dL)
4 – 8
80 – 120
Glucose is transported across the BBB by ____.
glucose 1 transporter (GLUT1)
When glucose levels < ____ activity becomes rate-limiting for brain function
3.7 mmol/L
____ is a cluster of related CV risk factors often associated with insulin resistance.
These patients are at an increased risk for ____ or ____ I and double the mortality rate
Metabolic Syndrome
stroke
MI
Metabolic Syndrome is defined as ____ and any two of the following:
(4)
central obesity
High triglycerides
Low HDL
HTN
Raised plasma glucose
The stress of surgery causes an increased concentrations of: (4)
catecholamines, GH, glucagon and glucocorticoids (cortisol)
the consequences of surgical stress leads to what effect on insulin?
insulin resistance
This sympathetic activity during surgery stimulates ____ adrenoceptors in the ____ (organ) to reduce insulin secretion
α2
pancreas
Insulin deficiencies lead to ____
catabolism
what physiological process occur during catabolism?
Lipolysis, proteolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis
What level of blood glucose causes exocytosis of insulin?
> 7 mmol/L
insulin receptors are located where?
Liver
Adipose
Muscle
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