III Flashcards
A blueprint or skeletal framework of a research study that guides its structure.
Conceptual Framework
A research design that assesses or evaluates certain conditions, such as preferences.
Descriptive Evaluative Study
An experimental design where a single group is tested before and after an intervention
Single Group Pre-test Post-test Design
A factor in research that refers to participants dropping out before the study is completed.
Mortality
A research design that controls for factors like Hawthorne effect, maturation, and attrition.
Solomon Four Group Design
When a control group realizes it is being compared, it may demotivate participants.
Control Group Awareness
Used to determine the effectiveness of programs like school policies.
Assessment/Evaluation Studies
Measures the relationship between two variables, such as age and academic performance.
Correlational Research Study
Experimental designs that can be affected by maturity, test-wiseness, and attrition.
Pre-test Post-test & Single Group Pre-test Post-test Design
Establishes cause-and-effect relationships among variables.
Experimental Research Design
A population of 20,000 with 0.02 error tolerance results in a
sample size of 2500.
Sample Size Formuke
Divides a population into subgroups, then takes a proportional sample from each.
Stratified Random Sampling
Uses multiple levels of sampling to handle large populations.
Multi Stage Sampling
Takes entire groups (clusters) as samples rather than individual members
Cluster Sampling
Best for heterogeneous populations, ensuring representation of
different subgroups.
Stratified Sampling
Selects participants based on availability, such as students found in common school areas.
Convenience Sampling
Participants opt in voluntarily, often through online surveys or polls.
Voluntary Sampling
Respondents are chosen based on the purpose of the study, rather than chance.
Non-Probability Sampling
Selects participants based on specific criteria or purpose.
Purposive/Judgmental Sampling
Used for hard-to-reach populations by relying on referrals.
Snowball Sampling
Best for gathering in- depth qualitative data
Interview
Efficient for collecting data from a large numbers of respondents
Survey Questionnaire
Gathered directly from people knowledgeable about the topic
Primary data sources
Includes instruments, participants, research design, and
procedures, but NOT problems.
Methodology
Primarily collects numerical data
Quantitative Research Data
Uses numerical data for analysis and predictions.
Quantitative Research
Primarily Collects Numerical Data
Research Methods
Includes experiments, observations, interviews, and questionnaires.
Methods of Data Collection
Standardized questions are asked without deviation.
Face to Face Interviews
Does NOT provide an equal chance of
selection for all members.
Characteristics of Non-Probability Sampling
Sent via email or online platforms for data collection.
Web based questionnaire
Best for measuring satisfaction levels.
Combination of Rating Scale & Checklist
Least standardized observation tool
Field tools
A structured method of gathering data through pre-
determined questions.
Questionnaire Definition
Researcher observes participants without their knowledge.
Covert Observation
Ethical issues may arise due to lack of consent.
Drawback of Covert Observation
Lists behaviors that need to be observed in a study.
Checklist
Used to measure knowledge, abilities, or effectiveness of interventions.
Test as Data Collection Method
Describes who the study subjects are and how they are identified.
Participants Section
Should be detailed, properly cited, grammatically correct, but
NOT in past perfect tense.
Methodology Writing
Describes the tools used to gather data.
Instrument Section
Questions are found in the information section.
Questionnaire Section
A process of asking questions to investigate something but does not follow a strict research method
Inquiry
A systematic process of investigation that follows structured stages
Research
Acquiring knowledge through various methods, including inquiry and
research
Learning
Ensures the study addresses a meaningful problem in its field.
Relevance in Research
Must be based on facts rather than personal opinions.
Objectiveness in Research
Examines relationships between two or more variables
Correlational Research
Uses non-numerical data like interviews, texts, and observations.
Qualitative Research
Collected directly from observations, surveys, or experiments.
Primary Data
