II. Tissues Flashcards
Tissues definition
groups of similar cells specialized for and working together to perform a particular function
The main four types of tissues
A. epithelial
B. muscle
C. connective
D. nervous
A. epithelial
line spaces, linings
- are always lining and interacting with something thats not tissue
A. epithelial:
classified by # layers
- simple: single layer
- stratified: in layers
- pseudostratified: single layer but appears to be multiple layers
A. epithelial:
Classified by cell shape:
a. squamous
b. cuboidal
c. columnar
a. squamous: flat, thin
- protection, diffusion
- wide, short, not much distance
between the space and the
basement membrane
b. cuboidal: cube shaped, round
- secretion/absorption
- spherical
c. columnar: tall, thin, elongated
- secretion/absorption
A. epithelial:
1. simple
1a. simple squamous epithelium
single layer of scale like (flat) cells
- function: protection, diffusion
A. epithelial:
1. simple
1b. simple cuboidal epithelium
cube/round shaped
- function: secretion/absorption
A. epithelial:
1. simple
1c. simple columnar epithelium
tall, thin
- function: secretion/absorption
A. epithelial:
2. stratified
2a. stratified squamous epithelium
multiple layers of flat cells
- function: waterproofing abrasion
protection
A. epithelial:
3. pseudostratified
3a. pseudostratified columnar
epithelium
single layer but appears to be
multiple layers, tall, thin cells
- function: secretion/absorption
B. muscle
shorten, move or change of organs (made of myocytes)
B. muscle
1. smooth
mostly involuntary, slow, rhythmic contractions (peristalsis), myocytes spindle-shaped
- are fat in the middle, pointy at the
ends - typically found surrounding tubes
(uterus, intestines, esophagus, etc.) - through digestive system
B. muscle
2. striated muscle
pattern of sarcomeres visible (overlapping actin and myosin protein molecules inside cell)
B. muscle
2. striated muscle
2a. skeletal muscle
striated, large, multi-nucleated myocytes - nuclei pushed to side of cell - movement under voluntary control
B. muscle
2. striated muscle
2b. cardiac muscle
lightly striated, branching, interconnected with intercalated discs for strong connections, repetitive action heart contraction
C. connective tissue (CT)
support, connection, protection, transport, storage
- living cells in an extracellular matrix
C. connective tissue
1. loose connective tissue
random orientation of fibers, large spaces, elasticity between laters of other tissues
- function: support, cushion, protection
- gel
- ex. find between skin in an
underlying muscle
C. connective tissue
2. dense connective tissue
mostly collagen, few small spaces between fibers
- function: flexible strong connections
C. connective tissue
2. dense connective tissue
2a. dense regular connective tissue
parallel, collagen fibers; few, tiny spaces – tendons, muscle sheets, ligaments
– function: flexible, strong connections
C. connective tissue
2. dense connective tissue
2a. dense irregular connective tissue
random orientation of bundled, collagen, fibers, space is only between bundles
– function: padding, flexible, cushion
B. muscle
3. hyaline cartilage
individual college and fibers in Hydro gel, randomly orientated
- function: stiff flexible, support,
cushion, lines, articular surfaces - gel
- cartilage grows and repairs very
slowly
B. muscle
4. bone
collagen fibers and calcium phosphate crystals
- function: rigid support, protection
- very dense
- bones need to move organs
- bones heal very quickly due to good
blood supply
B. muscle
5. blood (vascular) tissue
Blood cells suspended in complex liquid matrix called plasma
- function: transport, communication,
immunity - red blood cells carry oxygen
- complicated
B. muscle
6. adipose tissue
oil droplets within adipocytes
- function: fat, energy storage
D. nervous tissue
electrical communication
- arrangement of neurons
