II. The Kidney and Urine Formation

Question 1

two bean-shaped organs located under the diaphragm on

either side of the aorta in the posterior, upper abdominal region

Answer 1

KIDNEYS

Question 2

muscular tube that connects the pelvis of the kidney to the bladder

Answer 2

URETER

Question 3

Urine is stored in the ___ until excretion through the ___.

Answer 3

BLADDER

URETHRA

Question 4

collect urine from the calyces for transport from the kidney to the ureter

Answer 4

RENAL PELVIS

Question 5

Two regions of the kidneys:

Answer 5

CORTEX (outer layer)

MEDULLA (inner layer)

Question 6

comprised of the renal corpuscles and the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron

Answer 6

CORTEX

Question 7

comprised of the loops of Henle and the collecting ducts

Answer 7

MEDULLA

Question 8

The ___ supplies blood to the ___, which in turn provides blood to the ___, and the ___ functions to return blood to the inferior ___.

Answer 8

ABDOMINAL AORTA
RENAL ARTERY
KIDNEY
RENAL VEIN
INFERIOR VENA CAVA

Question 9

functional unit of the kidney

Answer 9

NEPHRON

Question 10

a tuft of capillaries that lie in a tubular depression called Bowman’s capsule

Answer 10

GLOMERULUS

Question 11

___ carries blood into the glomerulus, ___ carries blood away

Answer 11

AFFERENT ARTERIOLE

EFFERENT ARTERIOLE

Question 12

arise from the efferent arteriole, aid in the tubular reabsorption process by surrounding the various segments of the renal tubule

Answer 12

PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES

Question 13

Main function of the glomerulus:

Answer 13

TO FILTER THE BLOOD

Question 14

In order to form and excrete urine, three processes function together:

Answer 14

GLOMERULAR FILTRATION
TUBULAR REABSORPTION
TUBULAR SECRETION

Question 15

___ remain in the arterioles, ___ pass through the glomerular capillary walls to become part of the filtrate

Answer 15

LARGE MOLECULES (proteins, cells)
SMALL MOLECULES (glucose, urea, sodium, chloride, potassium, bicarbonate, calcium, etc.)

Question 16

about 115-125 mL of filtrate formed per minute by the glomeruli

Answer 16

GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (GFR)

Question 17

process by which filtered water, ions, and molecules leave the tubules for return to the blood via the peritubular capillaries

Answer 17

REABSORPTION

Question 18

process by which a substance from the blood is transported across the wall of the tubule into the filtrate

Answer 18

SECRETION

Question 19

responsible for most of the reabsorption (approximately 65%) and secretion that occurs in the tubules

Answer 19

PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

Question 20

limitation as to how much solute can be reabsorbed

Answer 20

RENAL THRESHOLD

Question 21

___ LIMB reabsorbs water

___ LIMB reabsorbs Na+ and Cl-

Answer 21

DESCENDING

ASCENDING

Question 22

reabsorbs Na+

Secretion of H+ and K+

Answer 22

DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

Question 23

hormone which controls reabsorption of water

Answer 23

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)

Question 24

controls the reabsorption of sodium and water and

secretion of potassium and hydrogen into the filtrate

Answer 24

ALDOSTERONE

Question 25

final site for water reabsorption to make urine more dilute or concentrated

Answer 25

COLLECTING DUCT

Question 25

final site for water reabsorption to make urine more dilute or concentrated

Answer 25

COLLECTING DUCT

Question 26

secreted by the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidneys

Answer 26

RENIN

Question 27

Renin catalyzes the conversion of ANGIOTENSINOGEN to ___ (a hormone in the inactive form).

Answer 27

ANGIOTENSIN I