II-I/S, B/S-5 Flashcards
Income statement
structure
revenue
-CoGS
GROSS PROFIT
- SG&A
- R&D
Operating income
+- other non-operating income/expense
EBIT
- interest
EBT
+- unusual or infrequent
-tax
N.I from continuing operations
+ NI from discontinued operations
- Accounting changes
================
N.I.
net revenue
= REVENUE - adjustments 预估三包费用
expenses
by nature
by function
- by nature: D&A单独列支income tax, interest
- by function: D&A分别计入到各种费用中
(I/S)sheet Presentation formats
single-format
multi-format
single: 列出所有expenses
multi: 列出Gross Profit等subtotal
discontinued income
这期间的收入：
年内从宣布售出业务measurement date
到业务正式出售 actual disposal date
收入的确认标准
- 两条共有标准
- IASB特殊标准
- US GAAP特殊标准
- product delivered, service rendered, risk and reward of ownership transferred
- probable to collect money
- IASB: cost can be reliably measured
- GAAP: evidence of an arrangement between buyer and seller
收入确认 【LT contract】
- rev, cost可以精确估计
- rev, cost不可精确预计
计量方法
- 可以估计：Percentage of Completion method (PoC)，根据支出占总成本比例计量收入
- 不可估计-【IFRS】: 根据支出同等确认收入，最后一年收入根据合同收入调整【quick cost recovery】
- 不可估计【GAAP】:completion of contract method, 前几年不确认收入费用，最后完工时一并确认
Percentage of Completion (PoC)
Completion of Contract (CC)
method 比较
Completion of Contract (CC)
IFRS法
method 比较
- 早年N.I.
- 早年revenue
- same - 都是0
- IFRS法更多
收入确认【Installment Sales】
- collectability cannot be reasonably estimated
- collectability highly uncertain
under US GAAP
- Installment sales method: 根据收入占总收入比例确认费用
- cost recovery method: 根据收入同等确认费用，到cost确认完再确认收益
收入确认【Installment Sales】
- collectability cannot be reasonably estimated
- collectability highly uncertain
under IFRS
- 同CPA:本金现值，未确认融资费用
- 略同于GAAP, cost recovery method
barter transaction
计量条件
under GAAP 2
under IFRS
- historically, received cash payment for the same service
- based on historical experience to determin fair value
- IFRS: fair value of similar non-barter transactions with unrelated parties
two types of revenue reporting
4 conditions for Gross Rev Reporting
- Gross rev: 携程倒机票1000-900
- Net rev: rev 100, cost 0
- be the primary obiligator of the contract
- 自由选择supplier
- 自行承担inventory/credit risk
- 有定价权
inventory costing methods
4
- specific identification method
- first in, first out (FIFO)
- las in, first out (LIFO, only GAAP)
- wighted average cost method
long-lived asset
depreciation methods 3
- straight-line method
- diminishing balance (double declining balance) method - accelerated method
- units of productions method
未知使用期的无形资产
商誉goodwill
如何计算摊销
不计算摊销，在资产负债表日进行减值测试，如果减值计入当年损益
ordinary share
(common share)
definition
basically the owners of the company - paid last in the liquidation, and benefit the most when company does well
Basic EPS
equation + explain
- new issued or repurchased: 时间加权
- Stock dividend, Stock splits: 对全年进行追溯调整
basic EPS 普通股数计算
Diluted EPS
equation
Treasury stock
- 概念
- 特性4
库存股：上市公司回购股份，放在自己账上
- Owner’s equity 的减少
- TS是对公司outstanding stock的减少
- T’S无分红权
- TS无投票权
Diluted EPS [stock options/ warrants]
Antidilutive securities
2点
所有计算DEPS都应先计算BEPS和DEPS，再确定较小者DEPS
如果计算DEPS中有anti-dilutive的成分，就将其去掉，只计算dilutive成分
approaches to
I/S analysis
- Common-size analysis: 所有I/S换算成revenue的百分比
-
ratios-profitability
- net profit margin (N.I./ revenue)
- gross profit margin (gross profit/revenue)
- operating profit margin
- pretax margin (EBT/revenue)
P/E ratio低
有可能是哪种假象造成的
公司Other comprehensive income损失过大，如果以total comprehensive income为基准计算EPS进而计算市盈率，会发现公司并没有被低估。
辨析【I/S】：
unusual or infrequent items
extraordinary items
Extra. 即 unusual, and infrequent，列示在continuing operations
2015GAAP新政策，已取消本栏目
并入原unusual or infrequent, or unusual and infrequent,
above line, 属于continuing operation
如果年报中进行了会计政策调整
则需要restate
prior periods shown in a report (not all prior periods)
Classified B/S 一个特例
under IFRS, current and non-current classifications are not required with a liquidity-based presentation
accounts receivable
计提坏账准备
坏账确实发生
会计处理
1.
debit: bad debt expense
credit: A/R-allowance for doubtful accounts
2.
debit: A/R-allowance for doubtful accounts
credit: A/R
define:
Goodwill
并购时的收购价-被收购方账面可辨认净资产公允价值
purchase cost -
net identifiable assets acquired
- outstanding share =
- preferred shares会出现在哪
- outstanding share = issued shares-treasure shares
- a.preferred shares with mandatory redemption and a fixed amount at a future date are classified as financial liabilities
b. perpetual, non-redeemable are classified as equity
分析B/S的两种方法
- common-size analysis: percentage of total asset
- ratios:
- liquidity ratios: current, quick, cash
- solvency ratios: long-term debt to equity, debt-to-equity, total debt, financial leverage
in Equity,
minority interests means
Equity interest of minority shareholders in subsidiaries that have been consolidated.
解释I/S表中
non-operating items
- 包含？
- 反映在CF表中？
- 营业外收支：固定资产处置，interest 收支，dividend收支
- 不一定就不是CFO
可能是CFI CFO CFF任何一类
【因此operating items也不必然对应CFO
operating item可以是非金融企业存货减值】
