Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

shelf surgery > II > Flashcards

II Flashcards

1
Q

what are signs of a pulmonary contusion

A

symptoms within 24 hours of the trauma tachypnea, tachycardia and hypoxia
decreased breath sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CX of pulmonary contusion

A

patchy irregular alveolar infiltrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

tip off for myocardial contusion

A

elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at baseline before fluid resuscitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

undifferentiated carcinoma in posterior nasal cavity is associated with what

A

EBV
more in mediterranean or east (asian) descent
also assoc with smoking and chronic nitrosamine consumption (salted fish)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

signs of tertiary syphilis

A

ascending aortitis, tabes dorsalis, psychosis and tumors of skin, bone and liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

common cause of Post op fever around 1 week post surgery

A

catheter site infection
clostridium difficile
drug fever
PE/DVT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

factors of post op fever that facor infection over contamination

A

systemic signs like fever, hypotension or leukocytosis
erythema and tenderness at catheter entry site
culture growth within 48 hours in both aerobic and anaerobic
two or more blood culture samples with same organism and drug susceptibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what drugs are associated with drug fever post op

A

beta lactams and sulfonamides or allopurinol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

signs of malignant hyperthermia

A

fever, tachycardia, acidosis and rhabdo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

signs of PE

A

pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia and hemoptysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

coagulase negative gram + organisms that can cause acute cystitis

A

staph sapro in young women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

common pathogens of foleys

A

E colie, klebsiella pneumo

proteus mirabilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

risk factors for pancreatic adenoacrcinoma

A

smoking
hereditary pancreatitis
nonhereditary chronic pancreatitis
obesity and lack of exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

presentation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

A 
weight loss, fatigue, anorexia
abdominal pain/back pain
jaundice
recent onset atypical DM
unexplained migratory superficial thrombophlebitis
hepatomegaly and ascites with mets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lab studies for pancreatic adenocarcinoma

A

ink alk phos and direct bili
elevated CA 19-9
US if jaundice
CT if not jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pain description for pancreatic adenocarcinoma

A

epigastric pain that is gnawing and worse at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is trousseau sign

A

migratory thombophlebitis… pancreatic cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

flat veins

A

hypovolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Left sided tension pneumo on CXR

A

tracheal deviation to the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hamman sign

A

audible crepitus on cardiac auscultation

seen in tracheobronchial tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

posterior urethra inculdes what parts

A

prostatic and membranous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

posterior urethral injuries are seen with what trauma

A

fracture of pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are sypmtoms of posterior urethral injury

A

suprapubic pain and inability to void
blood in urethral meatus and high-riding prostate due to displacement of the prostate by pelvic hematoma and scrotal hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

complications of rhinoplasty

A

nasal obstruction and epistaxis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

why is septal perforation so hard to heal

A

the cartilage relies on overlying mucosa for nourishment so there is poor regenerating capacity

26
Q

signs septal perforation

A

whistling noise during respiration

27
Q

causes of septal perforation

A

rhinoplasty, syphilis, TB, intranasal cocaine use, sarcoid, granulomatosis with polangiitis

28
Q

nasal furunculosis

A

staph folliculitis from nose picking or hair plucing

can spread to cavernous sinus

29
Q

most common caus elimb ishcemia

A

emboli from the heart

30
Q

5 Ps of ischemia

A

pain pallor pulselessness, paresthesia and paralysis

31
Q

immediate Tx for limb ischemia

A

heparin bolus with continuous heparin infusion then EM vascular surgery

32
Q

most common complications or cardiac caths

A

local bleeding hematoma, arterial dissection, acute thrombosis, pseudoaneurysm, or av fistula formation

33
Q

what can happen with a hematoma if the arterial puncture site of a cardiac cath is above inguinal ligament

A

can extend into retroperitoneal space and present with sudden hemodynamic instability and ipsilateral flank or back pain

34
Q

Dx lab for confirming retroperitoneal hematoma

A

non contrast CT

35
Q

stat transthoracic echo is helpful for what Dx

A

pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade

36
Q

torus palatinus

A

chronic growth on hard palate benign

genetic and environmental factors

37
Q

artery in epidrual hematoma

A

middle meningeal

38
Q

cushings reflex

A

hypertension, bradycardia and respiratory depression

all from increased intracranial pressure

39
Q

what happens with transtentorial uncal herniation

A

ipsilateral oculomotor nerve affected, ipsi posterior cerebral artery compressed and contralateral cerebral peduncal is pushed causing ipsilateral hemiparesis
will have altered level of consciousness from compression reticular formation

40
Q

how does damage to glossopharyngeal lead to increased risk syncope

A

dysfunction carotid sinus reflex

41
Q

what to check in clavicular fracture

A

thorough neurovascular examination to rule out injury to brachial plexus or subclavian artery

42
Q

if post clavicular fracture you hear bruit what do you need to order

A

angiogram

43
Q

most frequent injured organis in blunt abdominal trauma

A

liver and spleen

44
Q

what causes postop atelectasis

A

accumulatio pharyngeal secretions and tongue prolapsing posteriorly, airway tissue edea or residual anesthetic effects

45
Q

preoperative strategies to reduce risk of post op respiratory problems

A

cmoking cessation 8 weeks prior
control of COPD
Tx resp infections prior
education for PT, coughing, incentive spirometry

46
Q

postop strategies to reduce risk of postop respiratory problems

A

incentive spirometry
deep breathing exercises
epidural analgesia instead of parenteral opioids
continuous positive airway pressure

47
Q

how does hyperventilation decrease intracranial pressure

A

cerebral vasoconstriction

48
Q

ways to lower intracranial P

A

head elevation to increase venous outflow
sedation to decrease metabolic demant
IV mannitol to extract free water
hyperventilation to dec CO2 and cause cerebral vascoconstriction
remove CSF

49
Q

fever neck pain and limited neck mobility secondary to pain

A

retropharyngeal abscess or meningitis

abscess is more painful extension where meningitis is more painful flexion

50
Q

trismus

A

inability to open mouth

51
Q

what cause retropharyngeal abscesses

A

usually after local penetrating trauma like chicken bone

52
Q

Tx retropharyngeal abscess

A

broad spectrum antibiotics and drainage

53
Q

atypical lymphocytosis on PBS

A

mono

54
Q

tissue pressure in compartment syndrome

A

> 30mmHg

55
Q

where fdoes femoral nerve innervate

A

muscles in anterior compartment thigh (quads, sartorius and pectineus) knee extension and hip flexion
sensation to anterior thigh and medial leg via saphenous branch

56
Q

where does tibial nerve innervate

A

muscles post compartment thigh, post leg, plantar mm foot. sensation to leg except medial side and plantar foot

57
Q

where does obturator nerve innervate

A

medial compartment thigh (adductors and gracilis) sensation medial thigh

58
Q

peroneal nerve innervates

A

muscles andterior and lateral lef

sensation to anterolateral leg and dorsum foot

59
Q

initial DVT post surgery, next step

A

heparin

60
Q

what to do for hemodynamically stable patient with intraperitoneal blood identified on US

A

CT with contrast

61
Q

what to do for hemodynamically unstable patient with intraperitoneal bleed

A

immediate laparatomy

shelf surgery (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions