II

Question 1

Skeletal muscles consist
Exoskeleton develop from, eg , origin , nature
Endodermal origin
Bone matrix
Cartilage

Answer 1

Of framework of bones and a few cartilage
Epidermis eg nails,horns,hooves , feathers,scales ,claws , ectodermal,dead
Mesodermal , loving
A very hard matrix due to calcium salts
Has slightly pliable matrix due to chondroitin salts

Question 2

Axial skeleton constitute
Skull composed of
Cranium bone no
Form the
Cavity of sphenoid bone

Answer 2

Skull,vertebral column , sternum,ribs
Two sets of bone - cranial , facial =22
8 , frontal , peristal , temporal , occipital,ethmoid,sphenoid
The hard protective outer covering,cranium for the brain
Is called sella turcica in which pituitary gland is +nt

Question 3

Facial region no names

Hyoid is , +nt , special feature , attached
Ear ossicles

Answer 3

14 maxilla 2(upper jaw ), palatine 2 , malar 2,nasal 2, lacrymal 2, inferior turbinals 2,mandible 1, vomer 1
A single u shaped bone, at base of buccal cavity , not attached with any other bone , tongue
Each middle ear contains three tiny bone ( malleus,incus,stapes

Question 4

Fn of ——-occipital condyles
Foramen of magnum , leave out enter spinal cord
Monocodylic , di

Answer 4

2The skull region articulates with the superior region of vertebral column with the help of
An opening present at base of occipital bone , medulla oblangata leave out through,enter into vertebral column this extended part
Reptiles , birds
Mammals ,amphibians

Question 5

Vertebral column is formed by
Extends from , constitute
___________ spinal chords passes by
Human vertebrae formula

Answer 5

26 serially arranged units vertebra and is Dorsally placed
Base of skull , the main framework of trunk
Each vertebrae has a central hollow portion ( neural canal )
C7Th12L5S(5)Co(4)

Question 6

First vertebrae is , it articulates with
Responsible for
Second vertebrae is , identified by , responsible for
, joint between first atlas and axis

Answer 6

Atlas , occipital condyles with condylar joints
Yes movement
Axis , presence of odontoid process ( fits into atlas ) , no movement ( pivot joint sideways movement , pivot

Question 7

Vertebral column differentiated into
Heaviest and largest vertebrate
Significance of vertebral coloumn

Answer 7

Cervical (7) , thoracic (12), lumbar( 5) , sacral (1 fused ), coccygeal ( 1 fused ) region starting from skull
Lumbar vertebrae
Protects the spinal cord
Supports the head
Serve as point of attachment for ribs and masculature of back

Question 8

Sternum/ is
Three parts
Clavicle , 1 st rib attached to, 2 to 7 pair are attached to
The sternum is a

Answer 8

Breast bone , flat bone on ventral midline of thorax
Prosternum ( manubruim) , mesosternum ( body), metasternum ( xiphoid process )
Manubrium , mesosternum
Is a favoured site for obtaining samples of haemopoietic tissue during diagnosis of suspected blood disease

Question 9

Ribs pairs ,each rib is a ——— bone connected Dorsally, ventrally
Why bicephalic ?
True rib /, no , dorsally,Ventrally
False rib /, no , why

Answer 9

12 , thin flat , vertebral column, sternum
It has two articulation surfaces on its dorsal end
Ventrobrosternal , seven pair , to thoracic vertebrae, to sternum with hyaline cartilage
Ventrochondral , 8,9,10 th pair, do not articulate directly with sternum but join the seventh rib with help of hyaline cartilage

Question 10

Floating ribs
Fn
Rib cage
Skull skeleton, skull bone , cranial , facial

Answer 10

Last 2 pairs 11, 12 of ribs are not connected Ventrally
Protect the kidney
Thoracic vertebrae, ribs,sternum
29,22,=8,14

Question 11

Facial

Answer 11

14
maxilla 2(upper jaw ),
palatine 2 ,
malar 2,
nasal 2,
lacrymal 2,
inferior turbinals 2,
mandible 1,
vomer 1

Question 12

Cranial

Answer 12

8 ,
frontal , 1
peristal , 2
temporal , 2
occipital,1
ethmoid,1
sphenoid 1