IHP Final Exam

Question 1

True or False: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.”

Answer 1

True

Question 2

True or False: The most comprehensive definition of health is the one offered by the medical model.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

True or False: The sociocultural definition of health takes into account the individual’s perception of health.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

True or False: According to the medical model’s definition of health, an individual is healthy if he/she is free of symptoms and/or physical signs.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True or False: An example of a definition of health as a multidimensional concept is The World Health Organization’s definition of health.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Define Disparities

Answer 6

Differences in health status between advantaged and disadvantaged populations that are considered unfair and avoidable.

Question 7

Eliminating disparities in the health status of the population has become an international priority because populations with health disparities have

Answer 7

Increased incidence of disease.

Question 8

This model still stands as the most effective illustration of health determinants and continues to inform the work of those concerned with understanding and reducing the health inequality gap. It explains how the health inequities are a result of different levels of interaction considering from the individual to the community and socio-economical level.

Answer 8

The Social Model of Health

Question 9

Inequalities are based on unfair and avoidable factors that create health gaps and average indicators of the population health.

Answer 9

FALSE – Inequality is the characteristic of being unequal or uneven.

Question 10

Poverty is considered as the principal indicator of health disparities.

Answer 10

FALSE - Even when income is taken into account health disparities still exist among races.

Question 11

Differences in health status or in the distribution of health determinants between different population group:

Answer 11

Healthy Inequality

Question 12

Social Determinants of Health:

Answer 12

The collective set of conditions in which people are born, grow up, live and work.

Question 13

Social determinants of health do not act in isolation.

Answer 13

TRUE – Act in complex interactions that affect health

Question 14

Are products of personal history, and social, geographic, economic and political factors.

Answer 14

Culture and Ethnicity.

Question 15

__________ Is considered the major cause of health disparities:

Answer 15

Lack of access to health services

Question 16

What is the name of the scientific field that examines inheritable traits not caused by changes in the DNA code?

Answer 16

Epigenetics

Question 17

What compounds attach to genes to direct their expression as certain types of cells?

Answer 17

Methyl Groups

Question 18

True or False: Epigenetics refers to the modification of genes that affect the DNA sequence itself.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

True or False: The epigenome is an inflexible structure that never changes.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding epigenetics is FALSE?

Answer 20

Genetic factors cause the organism’s genes to behave (or express themselves) differently

Question 21

According to World Health Organization (WHO), environment is defined:

Answer 21

All the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related behaviors.

Question 22

Environmental health is defined by:

Answer 22

The study of factors or pollutants in the environment (outdoor or indoor) that affect human health.

Question 23

Environmental pollutants that can affect human health could be present in

Answer 23

Air, water, soil and food

Question 24

Routes by which pollutants could be transferred to humans includes the following:

Answer 24

Inhalation, ingestion and absorption

Question 25

The major sources of air pollutants comes from:

Answer 25

Industries and vehicles

Question 26

Why reducing health disparities have been a difficult task in spite of numerous efforts through the years?

Answer 26

Determinants for health disparities have not been studied simultaneously

Question 27

Which of the following will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of health disparities?

Answer 27

Transdisciplinary and multilevel research approaches

Question 28

Which of the following constitute the most important challenge in addressing the issue of health disparities in the near future?

Answer 28

Availability of a working force with necessary set of competencies to address health disparities research

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true with regards to Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)?

Answer 29

Both diseases share common socioeconomic and psychosocial factors

Question 30

These are important socioeconomic factors contributing to both Cancer and CVD:

Answer 30

Increased caloric intake and physical inactivity

Question 31

True or Fale: Cross-cultural misunderstandings between providers and patients can lead to mistrust and frustration but are unlikely to have an impact on objectively measured clinical outcomes.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

True or False: When the patient and provider come from different cultural backgrounds, the medical history obtained may not be accurate.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

True or False: A really conscientious health provider can eliminate his or her own prejudices or negative assumptions about certain kind of patients.

Answer 33

False

Question 34

True or False: Minority and immigrant patients in the US who go to traditional healers and use traditional medicines generally avoid conventional Western treatments.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

True or False: Providers whose patients are mostly European American, U.S. born and middle class still need to know about health practices from different world cultures.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

True or False: Some symbols- a positive nod of the head, a pointing finger, a thumbs up sign are universal and can help bridge the language gap.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

True or False: Out of respect for a patient’s privacy, the provider should always begin a relationship by seeing an adult patient alone and drawing the family in as needed.

Answer 37

False

Question 38

True or False: Modesty is very important in the Islamic tradition.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

True or False: When a patient who has not adhered to a treatment regimen states he/she cannot afford the medication prescribed, it is appropriate to assume that financial factors are indeed the real reason and not explore the situation further.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

True or False: If a family member speaks English, as well as the patient’s native language, and is willing to act as interpreter, this is the best possible solution of the problem of interpreting.

Answer 40

If a family member speaks English, as well as the patient’s native language, and is willing to act as interpreter, this is the best possible solution of the problem of interpreting.

Question 41

One of the following elements does not structure the individual dimension of diversity: -Personality - Internal dimension -External dimension -Organizational dimension -Cultural competence

Answer 41

Cultural competence

Question 42

One of the following is not a component of the internal dimension of diversity: -Race -Age -Income -Gender -Ethnicity

Answer 42

Income

Question 43

Bigby defines cultural competence as:

Answer 43

The ability of health professionals and institutions to deliver effective services to diverse patient populations.

Question 44

According to the NIH, the following situations are affected when considering health disparities, except: -What are the people clinical preferences - How frequently a disease affects a group. -How many people get sick. - How often the disease causes death.

Answer 44

What are the people clinical preferences

Question 45

According to the Institutes of Medicine the following elements are not associated with health disparities, except -Clinical needs -People preferences -Physicians’ bias -Appropriateness of intervention.

Answer 45

Physicians’ bias

Question 46

True or False: The social determinants of health are mostly responsible for health inequities.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

True or False: Government inaction related to a certain topic can be a statement of public policy.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

True or False: Research has evidence reveals that poverty is not related to lower educational attainment.

Answer 48

False

Question 49

True or False: Scientists have no role in the public policy process

Answer 49

False

Question 50

True or False: Writing newspapers columns about a specific social issue is a way to influence public policy.

Answer 50

True

Question 51

True or False: In CBPR, it is recommended that community members are included in different phases of the research process except the study design which is elaborated by academic researchers?

Answer 51

False

Question 52

True or False: CBPR promotes power-sharing processes in order to attend to social inequities.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

True or False: Provides equal opportunity to community members and academic researchers to participate in each stage of the research process is fundamental in CBPR.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

True or False: The intervention programs to address health disparity issues are best accepted by the community when had been created under CBPR.

Answer 54

True

Question 55

True or False: Scientific knowledge is the central base of the CBPR.

Answer 55

False

Question 56

What is a dataset?

Answer 56

Collection of standardized information about a group of patients who share a condition or experience.

Question 57

True or False: Information contained in dataset for health disparities research can only be obtain from Medical Records?

Answer 57

False

Question 58

Datasets are useful for patients because they:

Answer 58

Establish associations between determinants of health and disease status.

Question 59

True or False: Researchers can initiate they own research-driven datasets on specific groups of patients.

Answer 59

True