IHC-Table 1-1

Question 1

Soil

Answer 1

Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and countless organisms that together support life on Earth. (nederlands: bodem)

Question 2

Weir

Answer 2

A weir is a barrier across a river designed to alter the flow characteristics. In most cases weirs take the form of a horizontal barrier across the width of a river that pools water behind it whilst still allowing it to flow steadily over the top. (nederlands: Stuw)

Question 3

Swamps

Answer 3

A swamp is a wetland that is forested. Many swamps occur along large rivers where they are critically dependent upon natural water level fluctuations. Other swamps occur on the shores of large lakes. (nederlands: Moeras)

Question 4

Cutter

Answer 4

A cutter-suction dredger’s (CSD) suction tube has a cutting mechanism at the suction inlet. The cutting mechanism loosens the bed material and transports it to the suction mouth. The dredged material is usually sucked up by a wear-resistant centrifugal pump and discharged either through a pipe line or to a barge. Cutter-suction dredgers are most often used in geological areas consisting of hard surface materials (for example gravel deposits or surface bedrock) where a standard suction dredger would be ineffective. In recent years, dredgers with more powerful cutters have been built in order to excavate harder rock without the need for blasting.

Question 5

Hopper

Answer 5

A trailing suction hopper dredger (TSHD) trails its suction pipe when working. The pipe, which is fitted with a dredge drag head, loads the dredge spoil into one or more hoppers in the vessel. When the hoppers are full, the TSHD sails to a disposal area and either dumps the material through doors in the hull or pumps the material out of the hoppers. Some dredges also self-offload using drag buckets and conveyors.

Question 6

Barges

Answer 6

A barge is a flat-bottomed boat, built mainly for river and canal transport of heavy goods. Some barges are not self-propelled and must be towed or pushed by towboats. (nederlands: Binnenvaartschip)

Question 7

Cohesion

Answer 7

Cohesion is the component of shear strength of a rock or soil that is independent of interparticle friction.

Question 8

Erosion

Answer 8

In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that remove soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth’s crust, then transport it away to another location. (nederlands: Erosie)

Question 9

Ductility

Answer 9

In materials science, ductility is a solid material’s ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the material’s ability to be stretched into a wire. (nederlands: vervormbaarheid)

Question 10

Consolidation

Answer 10

Consolidation is a process by which soils decrease in volume. According to Karl von Terzaghi “consolidation is any process which involves a decrease in water content of saturated soil without replacement of water by air.” (nederlands: Zetting)

Question 11

Adhesion

Answer 11

Adhesion is the tendency of dissimilar particles or surfaces to cling to one another (cohesion refers to the tendency of similar or identical particles/surfaces to cling to one another). (nederlands: Adhesie)

Question 12

Permeability

Answer 12

Permeability is a property of foundry sand with respect to how well the sand can vent, i.e. how well gases pass through the sand. And in other words, permeability is the property by which we can know the ability of material to transmit fluid/gases. The permeability is commonly tested to see if it is correct for the casting conditions.

Question 13

Porosity

Answer 13

Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. “empty”) spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0 and 100%. (nederlands: Porositeit)

Question 14

Yield stress

Answer 14

A yield strength or yield point is the material property defined as the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically. Prior to the yield point the material will deform elastically and will return to its original shape when the applied stress is removed. (nederlands: Vloeigrens)

Question 15

Viscosity

Answer 15

The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of “thickness”; for example, honey has a much higher viscosity than water. (nederlands: Viscositeit)

Question 16

Sedimentary

Answer 16

Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth’s surface and within bodies of water. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause mineral and/or organic particles (detritus) to settle in place. (nederlands: Sedimentair gesteente)

Question 17

Igneous

Answer 17

Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word ignis meaning fire) is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. (nederlands: Stollingsgesteente)

Question 18

Metamorphous

Answer 18

Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal’s body structure through cell growth and differentiation. (nederlands: Metamorfose)