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HISTOPATH > IHC > Flashcards

IHC Flashcards

1
Q

It is carried out in disease diagnosis

A

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

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2
Q

this involved antigen - antibody reaction

A

Immunohistochemistry

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3
Q

Purpose of IHC

A
  1. To identify tissue/cellular antigens or phenotypic markers
  2. Detect antigen in cells/tissue
  3. Detection of organism in cytologic preparation
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4
Q

Found in cells; the one detected

A

Antigen

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5
Q

Belonging to class of serum protein that immunoglobulins

A

Antibodies

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6
Q

Detector

A

Antibody

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7
Q

Most common form of antibody used jn IHC

A

IgG

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8
Q

Types of antibodies used in IHC

A

Polyclonal
Monoclonal

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9
Q

Produced by different cells

A

Polyclonal

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10
Q

It reacts with various epitopes

A

Polyclonal

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11
Q

Structure of antigen react/bind with antibody

A

Epitope

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12
Q

Main source of polyclonal

A

Rabbit

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13
Q

Other sources of polyclonal

A

Goat, Pigs, sheep

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14
Q

Produced from individual clone of plasma cell/one cell

A

Monoclonal

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15
Q

Reacts with only one specific type of epitope

A

Monoclonal

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16
Q

Main source of monoclonal

A

Mice

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17
Q

Labelling of Antibodies

A

Use of enzyme
Use of fluorochrome label
Use of colloid metal
Radio label

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18
Q

Enzymatic method in IHC

A

Enzyme label

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19
Q

Enzyme used in labelling antibodies

A

HRP: Horse Radish peroxidase
AP: Alkaline Phosphatase (alternative)

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20
Q

Purpose of chromogen

A

Color developer

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21
Q

Enzyme requires chromogens?

A

Yes

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22
Q

Chromogens used in enzyme labelling

A

3,3’ DAB - Diaminobenzidine
EAC - 3- amino-9- ethylcarbazole

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23
Q

Color produce by DAB

A

Brown

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24
Q

Color produce by EAC

A

Brick red

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25
Q

Chromogens require the use of ___

A

Substrate

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26
Q

Substrate used in HRP

A

Hydrogen peroxide

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27
Q

Substrate used in EAC

A

Phosphate

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28
Q

Antibodies are label with enzyme after the reaction? T/F

A

False. It is label BEFORE the reaction

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29
Q

Advantage of using enzyme

A
  1. Standard sample can be stored for a long time
  2. Hematoxylin can be used as counterstain
  3. Can identify using LM/EM; Not requiring FM
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30
Q

Compatible counterstain of DAB

A

Hematoxylin
Methyl green
Methyl blue

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31
Q

Compatible counterstain of EAC

A

Hematoxylin
Methyl blue

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32
Q

Chromogens used in Alkaline phosphatase

A

BCIP - 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-phosphate
NBT - Nitro blue tetrazolium
FR salt - Fast Red

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33
Q

Produce Bluish violet/ black violet

A

BCIP/NBT

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34
Q

Suitable counterstain of BCIP/NBT

A

nuclear fast red & brilliant green

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35
Q

Produced rose color

A

FR SALT

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36
Q

Suitable counterstain of FR salt

A

None

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37
Q

Traditional counterstain/ nuclear stain

A

Hematoxylin

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38
Q

Stain produce reddish violet

A

Mayers

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39
Q

Stain where tissue morphology is well defined

A

Harris

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40
Q

Stain produce red color

A

Harris

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41
Q

Incubation and temperature to link antibody with PEROXIDASE

A

30-60 minutes at room temperature

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42
Q

Immunofluorescence technique

A

Fluorochrome label

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43
Q

This requires fluorescence microscope

A

Fluorochrome label

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44
Q

Derivative of fluorochrome label that attach to protein

A

FITC - fluorescence isothiocyanate

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45
Q

Example used in colloidal metal

A

Gold (pink product)

46
Q

It is used to detect antigen; binds to tissue carbohydrates

A

Lectins

47
Q

Specimen for IHC

A

Frozen section
Processed specimen like

48
Q

Preferred fixative for IHC

A

Formaldehyde

49
Q

Prepared on cryostat

A

Frozen section

50
Q

Frozen section must be fixed with ___

A

Methanol / Acetone

51
Q

Specimen requested for rapid diagnosis

A

Frozen section

52
Q

It is carried out intraoperatively

A

Frozen section

53
Q

Purpose of Frozen section

A
  1. Preserve positive of antigen
  2. To prevent destruction of labile antigen site
54
Q

Processed specimen like

A
  1. Formalin fixed
  2. Paraffin embedded
55
Q

Increase accessibility of antibody to antigen

A

Antigen retrieval

56
Q

This process must be done in processed specimen like

A

Antigen retrieval

57
Q

Methods of antigen retrieval

A
  1. Heat induced epitope retrieval
  2. Protease induced epitope retrieval
58
Q

Heat induced epitope retrieval

A

Microwave antigen
Pressure cooker antigen retrieval
Autoclave heating, water bath heating, steamer heating
Decloaker heating, combination of microwave and enzyme digestion

(MPAWS, CD)

59
Q

Protease induced epitope retrieval

A

Proteolytic enzyme retrieval

60
Q

Enzyme used in PIER

A

tyrosine
Protease

61
Q

This enzyme can break formalin crosslink

A

Protease

62
Q

Pre treatment must be done on what type of specimen

A

Processed specimen like
1. Formalin fixed
2. Paraffin embedded

63
Q

Block endogenous peroxidase; 3% hydrogen peroxide

A

Peroxidase block

64
Q

Blocks all nonspecific sites & reduces background; 10% normal serum

A

Protein block

65
Q

Purpose of control

A
  1. Test for specificity of antibodies involved
  2. Prevent misinterpretation due to false + and false - results
66
Q

Tissue section containing antigen being detected

A

Positive control

67
Q

How to prepare negative control

A

Omit the primary antibody from staining
Replace primary antibody by an Ig that is directed against unrelated antigen

68
Q

Internal tissue control is also known as ___

A

Built in control

69
Q

Contains target antigen not only on tissue element but also in adjacent normal tissue element

A

Internal tissue control

70
Q

Uses only 1 antibody that is labeled

A

Direct IHC

71
Q

It is the improvement of traditional method

A

EPOS - Enhanced Polymer Ones Step Staining Method

72
Q

EPOS requires addition of ___

A

Dextran polymer

73
Q

Method of detection that is lore sensitive

A

EPOS

74
Q

2 step method; use 2 antibody

A

Indirect IHC

75
Q

Function of secondary antibody

A

Attach to Fe portion of primary antibody increasing sensitivity

76
Q

It has greater consistency of staining; faster and accurate

A

Automation

77
Q

Less man power; decrease use of reagent

A

automation

78
Q

Found in tissue; tumor of malignancy

A

Tumor markers

79
Q

Epithelial tumor markers

A

Keratin
EMA
CEA
TTF-1
PSA
ER/PR

80
Q

Marker of ET cells; diagnosis of carcino

A

Keratin

81
Q

T/F: all types of carcinoma will be positive for CK

A

False. Not all type

82
Q

(+) lungs, uterus, kidney

A

CK 7 (Cytokeratin)

83
Q

(+) colon cancer, stomach cancer

A

CK 20

84
Q

This determine the site of tumor

A

EMA

85
Q

Useful in detecting adenocarcinoma

A

EMA

86
Q

(+) breast, lung, kidney

A

EMA

87
Q

Oncofetal antigen

A

CEA

88
Q

Differentiate adenocarcinoma from mesothelioma

A

CEA

89
Q

Elevated in GIT cancer; monitoring colon, pancreas, cervix, breast cancer

A

CEA

90
Q

Found in thyroid neoplasm

A

TTF-1

91
Q

Differentiate lung adenocarcinoma from mesothelioma

A

TTF-1

92
Q

Induced prostate infection

A

PSA

93
Q

Elevated in prostate, pancreas & malignancy

A

PSA

94
Q

Normally found in breast ET cell

A

ER/PR

95
Q

ER/PR found in myoepithelial cells?

A

No

96
Q

Determining prognosis breast cancer and identification of metastatic breast carcinoma

A

ER/PR

97
Q

Indication of positive results in ER/PR

A

Good prognosis

98
Q

Intermediate filament markers

A

Actin
Vimentin
Desmin
Glial fibrillary acidic protein - GFAP

99
Q

Tumors derived from smooth, cardiac, & skeletal muscle

A

Actin

100
Q

Present in normal mesenchymal cells

A

Vimentin

101
Q

Vimentin: neoplastic counterpart

A

Sarcoma, melanoma, leukemia, seminoma schwannomas

102
Q

Cancer involving schwann cells

A

Seminoma schwannomas

103
Q

Highly specific for myogenic tumor

A

Desmin

104
Q

Confirms diagnosis of astrocytoma

A

GFAP

105
Q

Marker for choriocarcinoma

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

106
Q

HCG is synthesized by

A

Placental syncitiotrophoblast

107
Q

Marker for embryonal carcinoma & teratomas; hepatocellular carcinoma

A

AFP - Alpha feto protein

108
Q

Best screening marker for lymphoma

A

Lymphomas

109
Q

Lymphomas also known as

A

CD45

110
Q

Most common marker to assess proliferation of tumor cells

A

KI & MIB-1

HISTOPATH (1 decks)

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