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Earth Science > Igneous Rocks And Volcanoes > Flashcards

Igneous Rocks And Volcanoes Flashcards

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0
Q

Intrusive

A

slow cooling, large crystals, form when MAGMA crystallizes underground

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1
Q

Extrusive

A

quick cooling, tiny crystals or glassy, form when LAVA cools and crystallizes on the surface of the earth

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2
Q

Magma

A

mixture of liquid rock, crystals, and gas, starts out mafic, underground lava

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3
Q

What is a rock?

A

Solid collection of minerals/crystals/grains that grow or get cemented (stuck) together.

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4
Q

phaneritic

A

large crystals, intrusive

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5
Q

aphanitic

A

small crystals, extrusive

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6
Q

porphyritic

A

mixed, extrusive

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7
Q

other textures

A

Glassy
Vesicular (holey)
Pyroclastic (made of fragments of volcanic origin)

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8
Q

felsic

A
  • SiO2, feldspar
  • light colored: pink, white, grey
  • explosive
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9
Q

mafic

A
  • Mg (magnesium), Fe (iron)
  • dark colored: green, black, brown
  • effusive
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10
Q

Igneous rocks

A

formed by hardening of lava or magma

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11
Q

pluton

A

when magma cools in a mass

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12
Q

dyke

A

when magma comes through existing rock structures

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13
Q

sill

A

when magma cools between rock layers

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14
Q

some ocean plates

A

basalt

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15
Q

continental crust

A

granite

16
Q

mantle

A

olivine

17
Q

pahoehoe

A

river flow

18
Q

a’a

A

all move together

19
Q

Where do you find magma?

A
  • spreading ocean ridges–>decompression melting
  • subduction zone–>2 plates meet, push and then slide past each other, heat up through friction, heat up rock
  • hot spot (in Hawaii)–>have mafic magma
20
Q

What are three ways magma forms?

A
  • heat (with friction)
  • water
  • release (or decompression melting?)
21
Q

Igneous rock chart

A
  • classifies ig rx based on two factors: mineral composition and percentage and crystal size
  • a line on chart represents a single rock. The line passes through minerals that are in the rock
  • match the rock color to the chart, analyze rock for crystal size or texture
22
Q

Type of eruption depends on

A
  • gas content
  • silica content
  • viscosity
23
Q

Gas content

A
  • less gas = effusive + mafic

- more gas = explosive + felsic

24
Q

Silica content

A
  • less silica = less trapped gas = effusive

- more silica = more trapped gas = explosive

25
Q

Viscosity

A

Resistance to flowing, how easy to flow

  • more viscous = hard/slow flowing
  • if flows easily, low viscosity
  • if flows less easily, high viscosity
26
Q

Effusive

A
  • fire fountain, not very violent
  • escaped gases
  • erupts then flows
  • lava flows
  • mafic
27
Q

Explosive

A
  • gases are being released, effervescence, dangerous
  • trapped gases
  • bubbles of gas are trapped
  • ash cloud
  • felsic
28
Q

Pumice

A

Foam

Earth Science (3 decks)

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