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Lockdown Test 2 > IGNEOUS PROCESSES > Flashcards

IGNEOUS PROCESSES Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is considered a warning sign of imminent eruption?

A

earthquake activity

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2
Q

Obsidian is classified as having a __________ texture.

A

glassy

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3
Q

Which type of volcano erupts with the most force?

A

composite

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4
Q

Which of the following describes an elongated crack that may serve as a conduit for lava to erupt on the surface?

A

Fissure

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5
Q

Earthquakes can tell us a lot about the possibility of an eruption. If there are too few earthquakes ________.

A

it may mean the magma has stopped moving implying it is about to give way.

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6
Q

Most hotspots are ________.

A

basaltic

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7
Q

Magma may cool and crystallize to become solid igneous rock

A

very slowly (in centuries to a million years) when it forms a deep pluton.

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8
Q

Why does magma tend to rise upward once it forms?

A

The magma is less dense than the surrounding rock.

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9
Q

A moving, glowing, descending cloud of hot gases and volcanic pieces

A

is called a pyroclastic flow or nuée ardente.

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10
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of pyroclastic flow?

A

They move very slow and are not dangerous.

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11
Q

Which describes the melting that takes place when deep hot rock rises to shallower depths without cooling?

A

Decompression melting

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12
Q

Which type of volcano is the largest but not necessarily the most eruptive?

A

shield

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13
Q

Which eruption or volcano type is likely to produce the most violently ejected pyroclastic fragments?

A

Stratovolcano

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14
Q

Pyroclastic flow can be composed of all but which of the following?

A

water

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15
Q

A sill runs ________ to the surrounding rock.

A

parallel

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16
Q

The image below (immediately to the right of the person’s head) is an example of a small __________.

A

dike

17
Q

The difference between magma and lava is that __________.

A

magma is found beneath the surface, whereas lava is found at the surface

18
Q

Granite, a course-grained, felsic intrusive igneous rock is most similar in mineral composition to __________, which is a fine-grained, felsic extrusive equivalent.

A

rhyolite

19
Q

In the figure provided below, what type of igneous intrusion is the horizontal rock unit indicated by the arrow?

A

sill

20
Q

Which of the following is not a way in which geologists can monitor a volcano with the goal of making short-term predictions about volcanic activity?

A

radioisotope dating

21
Q

Which of the following is not considered a type of pyroclastic debris?

A

pahoehoe

22
Q

Magma tends to __________.

A

move upward, away from where it formed

23
Q

Which type of magma has the greatest silica content?

A

felsic

24
Q

Bubbles trapped in lava after the molten material are cooled are called __________.

A

vesicles

25
Q

Ash, and larger fragments of pumice are all examples of __________.

A

pyroclastic debris

26
Q

An irregular-shaped and bloblike igneous rock body that cooled beneath the surface of Earth is a __________.

A

pluton

27
Q

Columnar jointing forms primarily because of __________

A

Contraction and cracking of rock during the cooling process

28
Q

Compared with coarse-grained igneous rocks, fine-grained igneous rocks __________.

A

cool and solidify more quickly

29
Q

Decompression melting occurs at both __________ and __________.

A

mid-ocean ridges; hotspots

30
Q

All things equal, a magma will have __________ viscosity than a lava.

A

lower

31
Q

__________ form from piles of pyroclastic debris (mainly lapilli) that fountain out of a vent during an effusive eruption.

A

Cinder cones

32
Q

Despite the fact that the temperatures within Earth are hot enough to melt rock, Earth is mostly solid. Why do the rocks within Earth NOT melt?

A

The pressure is too high.

33
Q

A batholith is a(n) __________.

A

large compound igneous intrusion

34
Q

The interior of Earth consists almost entirely of __________ rock.

A

solid

35
Q

Viscosity controls how __________.

A

fast a fluid flows

Lockdown Test 2 (4 decks)

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