Iggy Ch 55 SG - assessment of gastrointestinal system Flashcards
What is the muscle that surrounds the ampulla of Vater?
Sphincter of Oddi
is the muscle that surrounds the ampulla of Vater
Finger-like projections into the small intestine
Villi
Name the oral secretion that softens food.
Saliva
A thick, liquid mass of partially digested food.
Chyme
A temporary reservoir for food.
stomach
Intestinal hormone that inhibits acid secretion and decreases gastric motility.
Secretin
Epithelial cell layer lining the GI tract
Submucosa
The process of expelling feces.
Elimination
The central part of small intestine.
Jejunum
Chewing is also called?
mastication
The conduit for food from mouth to stomach.
esophagus
First 10 inches of the small intestine is called?
Duodenum
The liver secretion essential to fat emulsification is?
Bile
Largest abdominal organ with numerous functions is?
Liver
The organ that concentrates and stores bile is called the ______.
gallbladder.
The beginning pathway for digestion is the _____.
Mouth
The pancreas performs which functions? (select all that apply)
a. breaks down amino acids
b. Secretes enzymes for digestion from the exocrine part of the organ.
c. Breaks down fatty acids and triglycerides.
d. produces glucagon from the endocrine part of the organ.
e. produces enzymes that digest carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
B,D,E
b. Secretes enzymes for digestion from the exocrine part of the organ.
d. produces glucagon from the endocrine part of the organ.
e. produces enzymes that digest carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
What statements about intrinsic factor are corret? (select all that apply)
a. it is produces by the parietal cells.
b. It is essential to fat emulsfication.
c. It aids in the absorption of vitamin B12.
e. its absence causes pernicious anemia.
A,C,E
a. it is produced by the parietal cells.
c. It aids in the absorption of Vit B12.
e. Its absence auses pernicious anemia.
Which statement about Kupffer cells are true? (select all that apply)
a. They are located in the epithelial cell layer. lining of the GI tract.
b. They are cells found in the liver.
c. They are cells found in the wall of the stomach.
d. They are part of the substance that aids in the absorption of vitamin B12.
e. They are part of the body’s reticuloendothelial system.
B & E
b. They are cells found in the liver.
e. They are part of the body’s reticuloendothelial system.
Which drugs predispose a patient to peptic ulcer disease and GI bleeding? (select all that apply)
a. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
b. Steroids
c. Aspirin
d. Lasix
e. Digitalis
A,B,C
a. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
b. steroids
c. aspirin
Which gastrointestinal problem is related to anorexia?
a. heartburn
b. constipation
c. steatorrhea
d. Loss of appetite
D.
Loss of appetite
Dyspepsia is characterized by which factors? (select all that supply)
a. Indigestion associated with eating.
b. Loss of appetite for food.
c. heartburn associated with eating.
d. vomiting that occurs after eating.
e. malabsorption.
A & C
a. Indigestion associated with eating.
c. heartburn associated with eating.
Indicate the usual sequence that the abdominal examination occurs using the numbers 1 through 4
a. Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
b. Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
c. Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
d. Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
a = 4 b = 3 c = 2 d = 1
The nurse is caring for a patient with abdominal pain. While assessing the patient, which questions will the nurse ask the patient? (select all that apply)
a. Is the pain burnin, gnawing, or stabbing?
b. Can you point to where you feel the pain?
c. does your skin feel itchy?
d. when did you first notice the pain?
e. does the pain spread anywhere?
A,B,C,D,E
a. Is the pain burnin, gnawing, or stabbing?
b. Can you point to where you feel the pain?
c. does your skin feel itchy?
d. when did you first notice the pain?
e. does the pain spread anywhere?
Indicate the correct sequence of examination techniques for abdominal assessment using the numbers 1 through 4.
a. Inspection
b. percussion
c. palpation
d. ausculation
a = 1 b = 3 c = 4 d = 2
The nurse is performing an abdominal assessment on a patient. For which finding does the nurse alert the physician?
a. Cullen’s sign
b. Borborygmus
c. Blumberg’s sign
d. Bulging, pulsating mass
d.
bulging, pulsating mass
Areas of pain that also show rebound tenderness are called______.
Blumberg’s sign
High pitched, loud, musical sound of an air filled intestine is called____.
Tympanic
“Swooshing” sounds are called______.
Bruits
The presence of ecchymoses around the umbilicus is called_____.
Cullen’s sign
What will laboratory values for a patient with liver disease most likely show? (Select all that apply) A. Increased prothrombin time. B. Increased AST and ALT C. Increased albumin levels D. Decreased ammonia levels E. Increased unconjugated bilirubin.
A,B,E
A. Increased prothrombin time.
B. Increased AST and ALT
E. Increased unconjugated bilirubin
Laboratory values for a patient with acute pancreatitis may show which abnormal findings? A. Increased hemoglobin B. Decreased serum amylase C. Increased serum lipase D. Decreased urine nitrates E. Increased serum amylase
C and E
C. Increased serum lipase
E. Increased serum amylase
A patient being seen in the ED has been vomiting blood for the past 12 hours. What test will likely be ordered for the patient?
A. Endoscopic retrograde chlolangiopancreatography (ERCP)
B. Upper GI radiographic series
C. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
D. Barium enema
C.
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
A small bowel enteroscopy that visualizes the entire small bowel, including the distal ileum is called______.
Small bowel capsule endoscopy
Visual radiographic examination of the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas to identify the cause and location of obstruction is called______.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
A radiographic visualization of the large intestine; usually ordered for the patient with blood or mucus in the stool or a change in bowel habits is called __.
Barium enema
Visualization of the gallbladder after oral ingestion of radiopaque, iodine-based contrast medium. The day before the test, the patient eats a fat-free or low-fat meal and takes six radio opaque iodine tablets approximately two hours after the meal. Patient is NPO from midnight on the night before the test is called ______.
Gallbladder radiographic series.
A scan that uses IV injection of a radioactive material that is taken up primarily by the liver and secondarily by the spleen is called_______.
Liver – spleen scan.
An x-ray study of the biliary duct system using an iodinated dye instilled via a percutaneous needle inserted through the liver into the intrahepatic ducts is called_________.
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)
A noninvasive imaging procedure to obtain multidimensional views of the entire colon is called a _________ __________ __________, or more popularly known as the virtual colonoscopy.
Computed tomography colongraphy
Mild gas pain and flatulence may be experienced as a result of air instilled into the rectum during examination, and if a biopsy specimen is obtained, a small amount of bleeding may be observed. For which endoscopic procedure is this follow-up care describing? A. Colonoscopy B. Proctosigmoidoscopy C. Enteroscopy D. ERCP
B. Proctosigmoidoscopy
A feeling of fullness, cramping, and passage of flatus can be expected for several hours after the test, and a small amount of blood may be in the first stool after the test if a biopsy specimen is taken or a polypectomy is performed. Vital signs should be checked every 15 minutes, the patient should be monitored for signs of perforation or hemorrhage , and excessive bleeding should be reported immedediately. For which procedure is this follow-up care describing? A. EGD B. Enteroscopy C. Small bowel series D. Colonoscopy
D. Colonoscopy
The patient should be observed for cholangitis, perforation, sepsis, and pancreatitis, and the patient should report abdominal pain, fever, neusea, one vomiting that fails to resolve. The patient is on NPO status until the gag reflex returns. For which procedure is this follow-up care describing. A. Enteroscopy B. EGD C. ERCP D. PTC
C. ERCP
The patient should be monitored for signs of perforation such as pain, bleeding, or fever, and the patient is instructed not to drive for 12 hours after the test. A hoarse voice and sore throat may persist for several days; throat lozenges may be used to relieve the discomfort. For which procedure is this follow-up care describing? A. EGD B. ERCP C. Enteroscopy D. Small bowel series.
A. EGD
Match the abdominal quadrant to the appropriate body scut true in which they are located
Body quadrants / location of body structure
A. Right upper quadrant
B. Right lower quadrant
C. Midline
D. Left upper quadrant
E. Left lower quadrant
- Abdominal aorta
- Sigmoid colon
- Appendix
- Gallbladder
- Abdominal aorta = c. midline
- Sigmoid colon = e. Left lower quadrant
- Appendix = b. Right lower quadrant
- Gallbladder = Right upper quadrant
