IGCSE Topic 2 - Organization of the organism

Question 1

What are the features of a animal cell?

Answer 1

Membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria

Question 2

What are the features of a plant cell?

Answer 2

Cell wall, membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplast, vacuole, mitochondria

Question 3

Description of cytoplasm (Where found?, Function?)

Answer 3

Jelly-like, containing particles and organelles. Enclosed by cell membrane. Contains cell organelles (eg. mitochondria, nucleus), chemical reactions take place here

Question 4

Description of cell membrane (Where found?, Function?)

Answer 4

Partially permeable layer that forms a boundary around the cytoplasm. Around the cytoplasm. Prevents cell contents from escaping, controls what substances enter and leave the cell

Question 5

Description of Nucleus(Where found?, Function?)

Answer 5

Round or oval structure containing DNA in the form of chromosomes. Inside the cytoplasm. Controls cell division, cell development and cell activities.

Question 6

Description of Cell wall (Where found?, Function?)

Answer 6

Tough, non living layer made of cellulose. It surrounds the membrane. Around the outside of plant cells. Prevents plant cells from bursting, freely permeable (allows water and salts to pass through)

Question 7

Description of vacuole (Where found?, Function?)

Answer 7

Fluid-filled space surrounded by a membrane. Inside the cytoplasm of plant cells. Contains salts and sugars, helps keep plant cells firm

Question 8

Description of Chloroplast (Where found?, Function?)

Answer 8

Organelle containing chlorophyll. Inside the cytoplasm of some plant cells. Traps light energy for photosynthesis

Question 9

Ribosomes

Answer 9

They are responsible for the synthesis of proteins from amino acids

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

Where aerobic respiration takes place.

Question 11

Vesicles

Answer 11

Are bubbles of liquid surrounded by a membrane. They transfer chemicals such as enzymes around the cell, or release their contents out of their cell.

Question 12

Special features and function of Ciliated cells (in respiratory tract)

Answer 12

Tiny hairs called cilia that can move mucus. Waft mucus with bacteria and dust away from lungs

Question 13

Special features and function of Sperm cells

Answer 13

Has a tail (flagellum) to enable the sperm to swim. Nucleus carries genetic information

Question 14

Special features and function of Red blood cells

Answer 14

No nucleus; contains haemoglobin

Question 15

Special features and function of Egg cells

Answer 15

Large amount of cytoplasm containing yolk droplets, made up of protein and fat. Nucleus carries genetic information. Reproduction

Question 16

Special features and function of Nerve cells

Answer 16

Often very long and able to conduct electrical impulses. Some have a fatty sheath for insulation

Question 17

Special features and function of Root hair cells

Answer 17

Protruding hair increase surface area. Absorb water and mineral ions; anchor the plant firmly in soil

Question 18

Special features and function of Xylem cells

Answer 18

Long, thin walls arranged end to end to form vessels (tubes). The cells lack end walls and cell contents such as cytoplasm and nucleus. The walls become lignified

Question 19

Special features and function of Palisade mesophyll cells

Answer 19

Column-shaped cells, packed with chloroplasts. Trap sunlight to make food for the plant by photosynthesis

Question 20

Magnification Formula

Answer 20

Magnification = Image Size/Actual Size