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IGCSE Physics > IGCSE Physics - Atomic Physics > Flashcards

IGCSE Physics - Atomic Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

Electron Mass

A

(1/1840) approx. 0

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2
Q

Proton Mass

A

1

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3
Q

Neutron Mass

A

1

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4
Q

Electron Charge

A

-1

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5
Q

Proton Charge

A

`+1

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6
Q

Neutron Charge

A

0

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7
Q

Describe Rutherford’s experiment

A

Alpha particles (charge +2) were fired at a thin
sheet of gold foil
Most particles went straight through
Some particles were deflected by small angles
(< 90º)
A few particles were deflected by large angles
(> 90º)

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8
Q

What are the conclusions of Rutherford’s experiment?

A
  • Most of an atom is empty space
  • The nucleus has a positive charge
  • Most of the mass is concentrated in
    the nucleus
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9
Q

What is nuclear fission?

A

When a large and unstable nucleus splits to form two smaller nuclei, neutrons and energy.

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10
Q

What is nuclear fusion?

A

When two small nuclei fuse to form a heavier nucleus and release energy.

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11
Q

Describe (Alpha) α radiation.

A

-1 particle consists of 2 protons and 2
neutrons (same as a helium nucleus)
- Highly ionizing
- Weakly penetrating

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12
Q

Describe (Beta) ß radiation.

A
  • 1 particle consists of a single electron
  • Medium ionizing effect
  • Medium penetration
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13
Q

Describe (Gamma) γ radiation.

A
  • Weakly ionizing
  • Highly penetrating
  • Electromagnetic radiation (no
    particles)
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14
Q

How can radiation be detected?

A
  • Photographic film
  • Geiger-Muller tubes
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15
Q

How does photographic film work?

A

The film is white; as it absorbs radiation it darkens.

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16
Q

Describe the action of Geiger-Muller tubes

A

They are tubes which transmit an electric pulse every time radiation is absorbed, producing a clicking sound

17
Q

What is background radiation?

A

Weak radiation from external sources which is always present.

18
Q

Define half life

A

Half life is the time taken for the number of radioactive nuclei to halve, or the time taken for the count rate/activity to halve.

19
Q

What are some safety precautions when using radiation?

A
  • Minimize exposure time
  • Keep as much distance from the source as possible
  • Use shielding eg. lead

IGCSE Physics (1 decks)

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