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Immunglobulins/Antigens/Antibodies > Ig's and Antigens > Flashcards

Ig's and Antigens Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three roles of antibodies in immunity?

A

Neutralization
Opsonization
Complement fixation

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2
Q

What Ig is most prominent in serum?

A

IgG

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3
Q

Which Ig is most common in everything but serum?

A

IgA

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4
Q

What is agglutination?

A

aggregation of antigens by antibodies, which cause clumping

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5
Q

Which Ig causes agglutination?

A

IgM, recognize antigens (ABO groups) on RBCs and causes cell clumping and lysis

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6
Q

Why does Cold Agglutination Disease (CAD) occur?

A

passes through the acral blood vessels, the cooling IgM binds and agglutinates RBCs, activates complement

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7
Q

What’s the difference between primary and secondary Cold Agglutination Disease?

A

primary: idiopathic
secondary: due to underlying disease such as lymphoproliferative disorders, infection, or autoimmune disorder

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8
Q

_____________ CAD makes up 15% of autoimmune hemolytic anemias.

A

Primary

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9
Q

What’s the function of IgA?

A

mucosal immunity via neutralization

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10
Q

IgA monomer is located in _________

IgA dimer is ____________

A 
monomer = serum
dimer = secreted
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11
Q

Which antibody lives longest?

A

IgG

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12
Q

Which antibody is a pentamer?

A

IgM

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13
Q

Which antibody could be a dimer (most often), a monomer, or trimer?

A

IgA

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14
Q

Which antibody is least present in serum?

A

IgE

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15
Q

Function of IgD?

A

tolerance

expressed on surface of B cells

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16
Q

Why are IgE levels in serum low?

A

because IgE binds to FC-epsilon receptors on mast cells and basophils almost immediately after production

17
Q

Which antibody is the primary response for agglutination?

A

IgM

18
Q

Which two antibodies neutralize toxins/bacteria/viruses?

A

IgG and IgA

19
Q

Which antibody functions in defense against parasites and hypersensitivity (allergy) reactions?

A

IgE

20
Q

What is neutralization?

A

when antibodies prevent the adherence of toxins, bacteria, or viruses to the host

21
Q

What is opsonization?

A

the antibody coats the target in order to promote an immune response

22
Q

What are two methods of opsonization?

A

phagocytosis

antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)

23
Q

Which cells are involved in phagocytosis?

A

neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells

24
Q

Which cells are involved in ADCC?

A

NK cells and eosinophils

25
Q

What are the four things that complement activation does?

A

enhances uptake
kills susceptible bacteria
promotes inflammation
attracts immune cells to the area

26
Q

Which two antibodies activate the classical complement cascade?

A

IgM and IgG

27
Q

Why is IgM so effective in agglutination?

A

It has 10 binding sites! (pentameric)

28
Q

Which antibody function is the basis of passive immunization?

A

neutralization

IgG and IgA neutralize microbes and their toxins, which is used when someone needs protection against a virus emergently. The patient gets these antitoxin antibodies pumped into their system.

29
Q

Fc receptors promote ________________ of opsonized targets

A

phagocytosis

30
Q

What determines which cells react to antibodies?

A

Fc receptor expression on cell surface

31
Q

FCgammaRI allows IgG to ________

A

activate phagocytosis

32
Q

FCgammaRIII allows IgG to _____________

A

do ADCC

33
Q

FCepsilonR1 allows IgE to __________

A

ADCC

- causes degranulation of mast cells to increase allergic response

34
Q

the poly Ig receptor (pIgR) allows IgA to move where?

A

across the membrane

from lamina propria to lumen

35
Q

What type of dendritic cell presents self-antigens to T cells?
A) Langerhan
B) Interdigitating
C) Follicular

A

Interdigitating

Located in thymus

36
Q

What type of dendritic cells are APC’s to B cells?

A

Follicular

in lymphoid follicles

37
Q

What type of dendritic cells are found in the skin?

A

Langerhan

38
Q

When Langerhan’s take up antigen, they are ___________

A

immature

39
Q

When Langerhans present antigen to T cells, they are _________

A

mature

Immunglobulins/Antigens/Antibodies (2 decks)

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