IFRS

Question 2

Which organization’s standards are the most authoritative in the hierarchy of international accounting?

Answer 2

The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)

Question 3

Where is the first place management should look for guidance on international recognition and accounting policies?

Answer 3

The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by the IASB

Question 4

Which framework helps to develop standards for international accounting?

Answer 4

The IASB Framework * The framework is NOT a standard itself * The framework does not supersede any standard’s authority

Question 5

What is the objective of the IFRS framework?

Answer 5

To provide users with information on international accounting.

Question 6

Which assumptions are followed within the IRFS framework?

Answer 6

The entity is a going concern (IFRS cannot be used if NOT a going concern) Entity uses the ACCRUAL basis of accounting.

Question 7

What are the qualitative characteristics of accounting information wtihin IFRS?

Answer 7

Understandability - Easy to use and understand Relevance - helps user make decisions, predictive value, confirmatory role, materiality Reliability - Faithful representation, substance over form, neutrality, prudence, completeness Comparability - Comparative information from prior year is required

Question 8

Which aspects of RELEVANCE in IFRS differ from GAAP?

Answer 8

Under IFRS, a confirmatory role is played by information (as opposed to feedback value in GAAP) Materiality falls under relevance for IFRS, versus being iprimary constrainti in GAAP

Question 9

How does RELIABILITY differ under IFRS from GAAP?

Answer 9

Both have neutrality and faithful representation or representational faithfulness. GAAP also has verifiability; as opposed to ‘substance over form’ completeness and prudence within IFRS. Note: PRUDENCE or exercising caution replaces ‘conservatism’ in GAAP.

Question 10

How does comparability differ under GAAP versus IFRS?

Answer 10

Comparative information from prior year is required under IFRS. GAAP requires that if multiple years are presented, they are consistently prepared, however it doesn’t require prior year comparative statements.

Question 11

What are the constraints within IFRS?

Answer 11

Timeliness Cost vs. Benefit Fair Presentation of the company - IFRS can be overridden if it misrepresents the true financial condition of the company, but it must be disclosed.

Question 12

Which items are considered reporting ‘elements’ under IFRS?

Answer 12

Asset Liability Equity Income Expense

Question 13

What are the criteria for recognition on IFRS financial statements?

Answer 13

Probable future economic benefit Can be measured reliably If the value or outcome cannot be measured reliably, IFRS requires the use of the Cost Recovery Method.

Question 14

When transitioning to IFRS, what type of financial statement must be produced for the first reporting period?

Answer 14

A full comparative statement using IFRS.

Question 15

If IFRS was implemented in June 2010 for use in the December 31, 2010, financial statements, what is the Date of Transition?

Answer 15

January 1, 2009, because a full year of comparative statements is required fromt he previous year

Question 16

For Property, Plant and Equipment, which election is the most efficient method for converting assets to IFRS?

Answer 16

The Fair Value election

Question 17

Where on the financial statements are adjustments for adopting to IFRS made?

Answer 17

In the entity’s retained earnings or equity

Question 18

How is going concern different under IFRS than from GAAP?

Answer 18

Going concern is an ASSUMPTION under IFRS

Question 19

How are extraordinary items treated under IFRS?

Answer 19

IFRS doesn’t allow extraordinary items.

Question 20

How is the completed contract method used under IFRS?

Answer 20

Completed contract method is not allowed under IFRS.

Question 21

How is LIFO treated under IFRS?

Answer 21

IFRS does not allow LIFO.

Question 22

Which financial statements are required under IFRS?

Answer 22

Statement of Comprehensive Income Statement of Changes in Equity

Question 23

How is the term ‘income’ used in IFRS?

Answer 23

‘Income’ is used instead of revenue and encompasses BOTH revenue and gains.

Question 24

How is the term ‘profit’ used in IFRS?

Answer 24

In IFRS, the term ‘profit’ is used instead of Net Income.

Question 25

How does IFRS treat gains?

Answer 25

They are treated the same as revenue and are not separated on the financial statements.

Question 26

How does IFRS treat losses?

Answer 26

In IFRS, losses are treated the same as expenses, but they ARE separated on the financial statements.

Question 27

How does refinancing of current liabilities to long-term liabilities under IFRS differ from GAAP?

Answer 27

Under IFRS, current liabilities can only be refinanced into a non-current liability if the refinance agreement is EXECUTED prior to the balance sheet date. GAAP requires only intent to refinance- not actual execution.

Question 28

How do contingent liabilities differ between GAAP and IFRS?

Answer 28

Under GAAP, there are three classifications of contingent liabilities - Probable Reasonably Possible and Remote. Under IFRS, contingencies are ‘uncertain future events’ and are classified as a provision if probable and measurable, even if uncertain in timing or amount.

Question 29

How are bonds recorded under IFRS?

Answer 29

Bonds may be recorded on the Statement of Financial Position using one of two methods Fair Value through profit or loss *Liability revalued at the end of each period *Gain or Loss recognized in period Amortized Cost *Using Effective Interest Method

Question 30

How are deferred taxes treated under IFRS?

Answer 30

They use the ‘liability method’ - all deferred tax liabilities must be reported, but only ‘probable’ deferred tax assets can be reported. They are non-current on the statement of financial position.

Question 31

When can deferred tax assets and liabilities be netted under IFRS?

Answer 31

ONLY if they are related to the same country/taxing authority For example, China Deferred Tax Assets can’t offset Japan Deferred Tax Liabilities

Question 32

Which tax rates are used for calculating deferred tax assets/liabilities under IFRS?

Answer 32

The enacted rate or substantially enacted tax rate. (GAAP is the enacted tax rate only)

Question 33

Which items are recorded on the Income Statement in IFRS?

Answer 33

Income Finance Costs Tax Expense Discontinued Ops Profit/Loss Non-controlling interest in Profit/Loss Net profit/loss attributable from equity

Question 34

How are property, plant and equipment (PP&E) recorded and valued under IFRS?

Answer 34

Recorded at cost Valued using either: Cost model - asset carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss Revaluation model - asset adjusted to fair value less accumulated depreciation

Question 35

What are the requirements for using the revaluation model for PP&E under IFRS?

Answer 35

Asset must be able to be reliably measured Must be applied to whole class of assets- not just one asset No guidance on how often assets should be revalued under IFRS

Question 36

How is investment property reported under IFRS?

Answer 36

Initially recorded at cost Revalued using either Fair Value model or Cost model

Question 37

How is profit or loss recorded in the current period for investment property under the Fair Value model of IFRS?

Answer 37

Recorded on the Income Statement Investment P/L = IS PP&E P/L = OCI

Question 38

Under IFRS, how is investment property reported under the Cost Model?

Answer 38

Carried at Cost minus Accumulated Depreciation Fair Value must still be disclosed in the notes to the financial statements

Question 39

How are leases reported under IFRS?

Answer 39

Operating Leases can be recorded as Investment Property if measured at Fair Value All other investment property must use Fair Value Model if one asset uses it

Question 40

How are intangible assets valued under IFRS?

Answer 40

Using either the Cost Model (cost less Accumulated Depreciation and Impairment Loss) or the Revaluation Model (Fair Value less Accumulated Depreciation)

Question 41

How is internally generated goodwill reported under IFRS?

Answer 41

It is not recognized.

Question 42

How is amortization of intangibles handled under IFRS?

Answer 42

If asset has a finite life- it is amortized over useful life. If asset has indefinite life, it is not amortized, but is tested for impairment at the reporting date.

Question 43

When must a lease be recorded as a Finance Lease under IFRS?

Answer 43

If the substantial risks of ownership have passed to the Lessee, then the Lease must be accounted for as a Finance Lease

Question 44

How are defined benefit plans recorded under IFRS?

Answer 44

Project-unit-credit method calculates the PV of the defined benefit obligation

Question 45

How are interest expense and/or finance costs classified on an IFRS statement of cash flows?

Answer 45

They can be classified as either Operating or Financing Once a classification is chosen, all future costs must be classified there

Question 46

How are significant non-cash transactions recorded on an IFRS statement of cash flows?

Answer 46

They must be included in the notes to the financial statements.