IET Test 2 Flashcards
steels that undergo a similar process, but structure will be coarse pearlite with excess cementite.
Hypereutectoid steels
Heating steel to a temperature higher than in annealing (cheaper than annealing) (not as time consuming as annealing)
Normalizing
Recrystallization is induced after a material has been cold worker to reduce strain hardening effects. (Note cast iron is not cooled worked)
Process Annealing
Reduces residual stresses in casting, welded assemblies, and cold formed products. Materials are heated and then slow cooled.
stress relief annealing
(Not iron based) metals do not have significant phase transitions (Not polymorphic)
Nonferrous metals
(Not iron based) metals do not have significant phase transitions (Not polymorphic)
Nonferrous metals
Has a number of different crystal structures.
Polymorphic
Is a subsequent heating method to give the steel necessary ductility and fracture toughness
Tempering
Adding an alloy element is to increase
Harden Ability and Toughness
Eutectoid Steel is about _____ percent carbon
.77%
Base metal dissolves other atoms as__________ solutions
Substitutional or interstitial solutions
Increased strength by plastic deformation is called
Strain Hardening
Metals with stronger grains tend to be stronger is an example of
Grain Size Refinement
Strength that is obtained from a nonequilibrium structure
Precipitation Hardening
Are processes of controlled heating and cooling to purposefully alter a materials structure and properties.
Heat Treatments
Cooling a hot piece of metal rapidly, as in water or oil.
quenching
Is a slow cooling method to insure uniforming properties throughout the process
Annealing
Heated to convert the grain structure to homogenous single-phase Austenite, then control cooled.
Hypoeutectoid Steels
Plastic Deformation increases strength in most metals is caused by
Strain Hardening/Work Hardening
Properties that vary with direction
Anisotropic
When the break occurs before plastic deformation
Brittle Fracture
what happens when a metal is held above its recrystallization temperature is 1/2 (t-melting)
Grain Size Increases
has a definable structure and composition. Can be continuous (gas or liquid) or discontinuous (solid grains/crystal) it can also be a pure substance like after or a solution like salt in water.
Phase
is the solubility limit of the two materials at a given temperature
Saturation Point
Properties that are uniform in all direction are considered to be
iso tropic
Plastic deformation that occurs before the material breaks.
Ductile Fracture
what tis the recrystallization melting temp
1/2 of the material
Keeps crystallization and yield strength, if the material does not reheel it is -_________
Cold Working
is a diagram that shows the natural tendencies of a material (does it become a solid or a liquid or a combination of a solid and liquid)
Equilibrium Phase Diagram
are encountered when a material changes phase (Gas to a liquid or solid to a liquid)
Transitions
(A special form of transition) occurs when a material goes from a solid to a gas-Freeze drying operates on this principle.
Sublimation
Lowest temperature where material is a 100% liquid.
Liquidous Line
Highest temperature where material is 100 percent solid
Solidus Line
if the __________ is decreased then the amount of solute that can be held in a solution decrease
Temperature
if they cannot stay in solution
insoluble
steels having less than the eutectoid amount of carbon are __________steels
hypoeutectoid
steels having more than the eutectoid amount pf carbon called _____________ steels
hypereutectoid
Increased strength in metals is caused by _________ at defects
Dislocation Pile Ups
Act as barriers to dislocation movements
Grain Boundaries
A practice that causes New crystallization and new yield strength
Hot Working
Temperature/Vibration causes
Heat Energy
