ielts_20140628141228 Flashcards
Encounter (v)
To experience something, especially something unpleasant. ExWhen did you first encounter these difficulties?The army is reported to be encountering considerable resistance.
Enable (v)
To make someone able to do something or to make something possible.Ex: + To infinitive : Computerization should enable us to cut production cost by half.
Decent (adj)
Socially acceptable or good:Ex: Everyone should be entitled to a decent wage/standard of living.Ex: I thought he was a decent sort of person.Ex: It was very decent (=kind) of you to help
Envy (n)
Jealousy (n)Envy (of somebody) He shouldn’t conceal his envy of me.Envy (at/of something) She felt a pang of envy at the thought of his success.
Perpetrate (v)
To commit a crime or a violent or harmful act Ex: In Britain, half of all violent crime is perpetrated by people who have been drinking alcoholPerpetration (v)
Ensure (v)
To make something certain to happen:Ex: The airplane is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft.Ex: [+that] The role of the police is to ensure (that) the law is obeyed.
Accumulate (v)
To collect a large number of things over a long period of time:Ex: As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend a greater proportion of their incomes.To gradually increase in number or quantity over a period of time.Ex: Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularlyAn accumulation of toxic chemicals.
splendid (adj)
Very impressive; very beautifulEx: splendid sceneryGreat / excellentEx: We’ve all had a splendid time.Ex: It will be a splendid opportunity to practise your Spanish
magnificent (adj)
SplendidThe Taj mahal is a magnificent buildingShe looked magnificent in her wedding dressYou’re all done a magnificent job
Precarious (adj)
not safe or certain; dangerousEx: He earned a precarious living as an artistEx: The museum is in a financially precarious position
The job market
The labour market = The job-hunting market
Fulfil (v)Fulfil something
to do or achieve what was hoped for or expectedto fulfil your dream/ambition/potential /expectations
Fulfil something (FORMAL)
to do or have what is required or necessaryto fulfil a duty/ an obligation / a promiseto fulfil the terms/ conditions of an agreementNo candidate fulfils all the criteria for this position
Fulfil something
to have a particular role or purposeNursery schools should fulfil the function of preparing children for school
Fulfil somebody/yourself
to make somebody feel happy and satisfied with what they are doing or have doneI need a job that really fulfils me
Pivotal (adj)
of great importance because other things depend on itAccountancy, law and economics are pivotal to a successful career in any financial services area.
Exacerbate something (FORMAL)
To make something worse, especially a disease or problem.Làm trầm trọng= Aggravate His aggressive reaction only exacerbated the situation
Tragedy (n) (C,U)
a very sad event or situation, especially one involving death or suffering: Bi kịchThe pilot averted a tragedy when he succeeded in preventing the plan from crashing.[+that] It’s a tragedy (that) so many young people are unable to find jobs.
Abject
the state of being extremely unhappy, poor, unsuccessful, etcThey live in abject poverty ( nghèo rớt mồng tơi)This policy has turned out to be an abject failure. ( thất bại thảm hại)
Sibling (c)
a brother or sister :I have four siblings : three brothers and a sisterThere was great sibling rivalry (=competition) between Perter and his brother.
Inherit (v)
to receive money, a house, etc from someone after they have died:Who will inherit the house when he dies? All her children will inherit equally.InheritanceInheritor
Conflict (n,v)
an active disagreement between people with opposing opinions or principles:Ex: There was a lot of conflict between him and his father (domestic conflict)Ex It was an unpopular policy and caused a number of conflicts within the party= dispute (between A and B)Ex: The dispute between the two countries about the border.Ex: Reports conflicted on how much of the aid was reaching the famine victims
Resist the temptation (v)
Chống lại cám dỗ
In hope of
In hope of going overseas
Achieve instant wealth (v)
Làm giàu nhanh chóng
Make a quick buck (idiom)
to earn money quickly and easily, especially by doing something illegal or dishonestEx: They are more interest in making a quick buck than helping homeowners find the right loan.
Lure (v)
To persuade someone to do something or go somewhere by offering them something they would like to have:Lure sb with sth : Supermarket chains try to lure customers with price discounts.Ex: Young people are lured to the city by the prospect of a job and money.
Intensify (v)
To become greater, more serious, or more extreme, or to make something do thisEx: Fighting around the capital has intensified in the last few hours.
Double-edged (adj)
Ex: The government’s programme to grow cash crops for export is a double-edged sword because it has created a local food shortage.Ex: The event had a double-edged impact on our economy
Pitfall (n)
a danger or difficulty, especially one that is hidden or not obvious at first the potential pitfalls of buying a houseGetting a professional advice will help you avoid the most obvious pitfalls
In this world with greater material prosperity/affluence
Trong thế giới đầy cám dỗ vật chất
Depression (n)
a medical condition in which a person feels very sad and anxious and often has physical symptoms such as being in unable to sleepEx: She has suffered from severe depression after losing her job
Block out worries
Chặn lại lo lắng
Nurture a good state of mind
Nuôi dưỡng tâm hồn
Crave (v)
Khao khátCrave (for) something / crave to do somethingto have a very strong desire for somethingEx: Lewis still craves for the recognition he feels he lacks in Americacraving (to do something) (n) a desperate craving to be loved
Complacent (adj)
Tự mãnfeeling so satisfied with your own abilities or situation that you feel you do not need to try any harder:a complacent smile/attitudeWe can’t afford to become complacent about any of our products.Complacency = complacenceWhat annoys me about these girls is their complacency - they seem to have no desire to expand their horizons
Impoverish somebody
-to make somebody poorThese changes are likely to impoverish single-parent families even further. -impoverish somethingto make something worse in qualityIntensive cultivation has impoverished the soil.Impoverished (adj) : very poor; without moneyimpoverished peasants
correlate (v)
Correlate with somethingA high-fat diet correlates with a greater risk of heart disease.Stress levels and heart disease are strongly correlated (=connected).There’s a correlation between smoking and cancer.
Disparity (n)
Sự chênh lệchA lack of equality or similarity, especially in a way that is not fair:The growing disparity between rich and poor
Slide into bankruptcy
Lâm vào tình trạng phá sản
Endeavour (v)
to try to do something :Ex: Engineers are endeavouring to locate the source of the problem(n) an attempt to do something :In spite of our best endeavours, it has proven impossible to contact her.Please make every endeavour to arrive on time.
Elusive (adj)
-difficult to find, define, or achieve (Khó nắm bắt)Eric, as elusive as ever, was nowhere to be found.the elusive concept of “literature”A solution to the problem of toxic waste is proving elusive.
Lucrative (adj)
-producing a large amount of money; making a large profita lucrative business/contract/marketHad the plan worked it would have proved highly lucrative.
Bliss (n)
Extremely happinessSwimming on a hot day is sheer blissLying on a sunny beach is my idea of sheer bliss.Blissful (adj)
Breed (v)
Leads toto cause something to happen, usually something bad:Poverty breeds crime
deprived (adj)
nghèo khổ-not having the things that are necessary for a pleasant life, such as enough money, food, or good living conditions:Ex: She had a deprived childhood/comes from a deprived background.a deprived area
Gratify (V)
=satisfy [+to infinitive] He was gratified to see how well his students had donesexual gratificationSome people expect instant gratification (= to get what they want immediately)
It is universally acknowledged
It is an universally acknowledged fact that
Make profound contributions to Ving/ Noun phrase
Đóng góp đáng kể
Malfeasance (n)
=wrongdoing = criminal behavior= anti-social behaviour
Law-breaker (n)
wrongdoer=criminal (countable noun)
Ecstatic (adj)
Extremely happy
How often do you write something by hand ?
Well, to be honest, i want to send affectionate letters to my honey, so I often put my pen to paper twice a week or three times a week. Moreover, I write my lessons by hand almost every day because I think it’s the best way for me to keep the lessons in my mind.
What type of things do you usually write by hand ?
Well, there is a wide range of things that I usually put my pen down. I think the first things would be my personal expense. I always take notes of my necessary expenditure so that I can put a curb on my spending habits. Another things I always write by hand would be my lessons because I think it’s the best way for me to keep the lessons in my mind
Do you think it is important to have good handwriting ?
In a contemporary society with technological innovation these days, some traditional skills become obsolete and so does handwriting. However, neat and good handwriting may be deemed a symbol of careful and considerate temperament of a person. Therefore, many multinational enterprises require candidates for their vacancy to have legible handwriting in application form. So I guess my answer would be yes for some people and no for most
What are the advantages of writing something by hand?
Of course, there are numerous benefits of handwriting. Firstly, affectionate letters written by hand are the best way to flirt romantically weaker gender. Secondly, I just put down on paper rapidly whatever and whenever I want and don’t need to turn on my computer. Finally, It’s the best way for me to keep important things in my mind.
Do you like travelling ?
Undoubtedly yes simply because trips play an integral part of making me exhilarated and relaxed after hard-working days as well as keeping indelibly sweet memories with intimate relatives and friends. Especially, taking sight-seeing tours overseas can help me make careful and systematic observations about factual world, which can fulfil my insatiable curiosity about exotic culture and expand my vivid imagination.
Do you like dancing ?
Yes, of course, I am a big fan of dancing simply because it is an ideal/effective way for me to show off my individuality and relieve the monotony of daily routines. Moreover, dancing can help me expand my vivid imagination about exotic culture.
Do you like shopping ?
I am very enthusiastic about shopping for a variety of reasons; For example, shopping can give a sense of satisfaction by meeting my daily demands. Moreover, when I feel depressed, shopping can help me put down my burden.
Do you like painting ?
Although painting can heighten my sense of beauty and cultivate my interest in life and nature, I am not keen on painting simply because it requires an artistic and esthetic ability which I think I leak/am deficient in
Do you like collecting things ?
Undoubtedly, I always consider collecting stamps as my favourite hobby simply because it can cultivate my interest in life and nature, giving me fascinating insight into exotic culture and improving my sense of patience. You know, pursuing something as a hobby such as collecting stamps can make my life more meaningful and colorful
What types of clothes do you like wearing ?
Well, there is a variety of clothing, but I am quite keen on Jeans because they are simply designed and wearing jeans can help me feel highly active and comfortable. A reasonable explanation for this would be that I dress for comfort rather than glamour. Therefore, I think Jeans are suitable for me.
Where do you usually buy your clothes ?
To be honest, I think it depend on the situation. If I have money, I will go to vibrant shopping mall to buy elegant and fashionable clothes whereas I will go to the local market that always offers me a good bargain.
Did you wear a uniform when you were a younger ?
Because wearing uniforms gives students a sense of identity and unity, it is mandotory for all students in my school to wear uniforms, which makes poor students feel equal and not be discriminated by affuent ones.
What can we learn about a person from the clothes that they wear ?
Actually, clothes are partly the reflection of one’s personality. I think someone who wears stylish clothes can have a great appreciation for their external appearance. On the other hand, if one always gets dressed with simplicity, they may be unpretentious and doesn’t want to impress others.
Do you often celebrate festivals in your culture ?
Well, I would have to say festivals fulfill spiritual needs of people; therefore, they are considered virtually indispensable. In Viet Nam, there is a variety of festivals celebrated every year such as Hung King commemoration and Lunar New year
What do people usually do during a festival ?
Generally speaking, there is a wide range of activities people do during festivals. For example, they will organize a family or friends reunion to maintain bonds among them. In addition, they often perform solemn rituals such as worshipping to show deep gratitude to their ancestors or Gods
What is your favorite festival ?
Of course, I am very eager to Lunar New year which I can have a long holiday. A resonable explanation for this could be that I will do something different to relieve the monotony of daily life such as travelling or spending time with my parents.
Do you think festival are important ?
Well, I would have to say festivals fulfill spritual needs of people; therefore, they are considered virtually indispenable. For example, they give us opportunities to rest and do whatever we want to. In addition, they can help retain traditional conventions which make our community more civilized.
How often do you have holidays ?
Well, since I am still a university student, there are two occasions when I can have long holidays, which are the summer vacation and Lunar New year. In addition, there are some national holidays such as independent da, labour day and Hung King’s commemoration.
What will you do during holidays ?
Of course, I will do something different to relieve the monotony of daily routines such as travelling or spending time with my parents. You know, after sight-seeing tours, I will be refreshed and revitalized for my hard-working days. Besides, family reunion can help me feel peaceful because my family is my source of affection, inspiration and encouragement.
It is important to have a holiday ?
Yes, absolutely, having holidays plays an integral role in our lives simply because it gives us an opportunity to rest and do whatever we want to. For example, we can spend time with family to boost the family concord. Moreover, we can travel to different places to refresh and revitalized for work or study. Without holidays, I guess we would be exhausted and cannot enjoy life in the best way.
Do you prefer to travel alone or with others ?
Well, I prefer taking sight-seeing tours with my intimate friends to share many things with them, such as accommodation, transport and even laughter. If travelling alone, I guess I will feel lonely and I cannot imagine what will happen if a trouble comes up.
Should all people take public transport ?
Yes, if all people take public transport, there will be less fuel comsumption and less gas emission. Therefore, air quality will be enhanced and the atmospheric contamination (pollute) can be dimished (reduce)
What kinds of public transport are popular in your country ?
Well, there is a variety of public transport in my country, Though I guess the most widely-used could be buses because they are cheap and reliable. A subsequent category would be abundant taxis, but it is very notorious (khét tiếng) because the drivers are often careless. Another form of public transport worth metioning could be motorbike taxis called Xe Om, which is the fastest way to get around. Therefore, if you are in hurry, Xe om is the best choice for you. Likewise, as might be expected, there are other means of transport such as ferry or train although they are not as commonly-used as the first three I mentioned
What kinds of public transport do you use most ?
Honestly, I would have to say the bus is the best choice for me because it is not only safe but also offers me affordable price. In addition to this, utilizing the bus is one of the most efficient ways to enhance air quality and protect the atmosphere from being contaminated.
Are there any public transport problems in your country ?
Well, I think there are some serious traffic problems with transportation in my city. The first thing worth mentioning is that taxi drivers are often careless, which makes an increasing rate of casualties (thương vong). In addition, buses often deviate from their usual routes because of road closure for upgrading.
How would you improve public transport in your country ?
Well, frankly speaking, I’ve never thought about that, but I guess if I have the authority to change something about my hometown, I would certainly pour a huge amount of money into enhancing the public transport system in my country. I would ensure punctual and hygienic buses and offer additional routes to avoid commuters being squeezed into overcrowded buses or trains.
What is your favourite mode of transport ?
I would have to say car is my favourite transport simply because cars offter a great degree of flexibility in the way I work and travel. For example, I can drive home from work late at night without a rational dread of robbers and muggers. Futhermore, instead if spending my time anxiously waiting for bus, I can travel wherever and whatever I want
Do you prefer to be a driver or a passenger ?
I prefer to be a passenger because it is less stressfull. I don’t need to pay attention to the traffic situation. If I am a driver, it is very frustrated to lose my way or get stuck in traffic congestion (traffic jam). All in all, being a passenger is my preference because I can spend time enjoying the spectacular natural landscapes.
What can we learn about a person from the colours they wear ?
Of course, we can look for some clues to their personality because colour symbolizes/ stands for/ represents one’s natural nature. For example, people who usually wear blue T-shirts are normally dynamic, open-minded and optimistic.
Do any colour have a special meaning in your culture ?
Of course, each colour has a special meaning in Vietnamese culture. For example, black is the selection of goverment executives because it symbolizes self-control and resilience. In addition, white stands for purity and innocence, therefore it is the colour of funerals and memorial occasions for the dead.Red symbolizes good luck; hence, it is worn by brides and used to be envelopes for lucky money on Lunar New Year day
What is your favourite colour ?
Well, you know, colour is the reflection of one’s personality /natural nature. Therefore, I am really passionate about blue because it stands for my maturity and hope (chính chắn và hy vọng)
Do you like to think about the past ?
Frankly speaking, I am not the kind of person who likes to look back on/ reflect on old memories. I always bear/keep in my mind that it is very important to live in the present and not in the past because we cannot change the past. I prefer looking forward to the future and think about how I can do things better in the future.
What can people learn from the past ?
Of course, things happend in the past can be considered as collective experience that can help us make wiser decisions for the present and the future. Therefore, we can learn from past mistakes to accumulate rewarding experience in life
Did you have a happy childhood ?
Honestly, I had a lot of sweet memories about my childhood thanks to my parents because they give me the senes of the fact that my family is the most desireable destination in the world where I am carefully nurtured by my loving parents.
What makes a happy childhood ?
Well, I think what makes a blissful childhood is parental support and affection. Parents should give an excellent example for their children to imitate as well as provide them a good education and healthy living surroudings with neighbors.
What would you like to change about your childhood ?
Honestly, I always treasure almost childhood memories of mine as the sweetest stage in my life because my parents give me the sense of the fact that my family is the most desirable destination in the world where I am carefully nurtured by my loving parents.
How often do you eat out in restaurants ?
To be honest, I prefer eating in small food stands to enjoying meal in luxurious restaurants simply because cuisine in those restaurants is so pricey. But, in fact, I am invited to wedding ceremonies twice or three times a month.
What types of restaurants do you like best ?
Well, I am really keen on restaurants which are carefully designed by western style simply because its service are rather formal and professional.
What types of restaurants are common in your country ?
Well, there is a mixed diversity of restaurants in my country. Though I think the most prominent would be restaurants which are carefully designed by western style simply because its service are rather fomal and professional. Alternatively, there are other kinds of restaurants such as Chinese and Japanese restaurants, but they are not as widely-enjoyed as the first I mentioned.
What are the advantages of eating out in restaurants ?
Of course, there are several advantages when we enjoy meal in restaurants. Firstly, we don’t need to clean up after the meal.. Another significant feature is that we can have opportunities to enjoy variety of cuizine. Finally, restaurants always ensure a high level of hygiene for their customers.
Do you like listening to music ?
Well, I have lots of interset, but I’m mainly partial to listening to music simply because it helps me purify my heart with melodious ryhthms, wake me up when I feel drowsy in the morning and relieve tense moments when I am under high pressure at work. I cannot imagine what my life would be like without music.
What types of music do you like listening to ?
Well, I would have to say I am very enthusiatic about Rock music simply because it can blow my mind with vibrant sounds. Especially, I often listen to this kind of music in the morning to kick off a new day with being full of energy.
Where do you usually listen to music ?
To be honest, I would have to say it depends on the situation. For example, if I have money, I will go to the theatre or coffee shops to enjoy live music and meet accomlished singers that I have great admiration for. Howerver, the ticket cost or the price of one drink in those places is pretty costly in HCM city. In contrast, if I’m broke, it’s highly likely that I will stay at home and listen to music on the Internet.
Can you play any music instrument ?
Well, to be honest, I cannot play any musical instruments because it requires playeres to have artistic abilities and patience which I think I’m deficient in.
Do you think it’s important for children to learn to play a musical instrument ?
Of course,, I think parents should give their children a course of how to play a musical instrument. If their children aren’t frustrated and can prove that they are musically inclined children, they should be fostered and cultivated to be talented artists in the future so that they can enrich themselves and make our life more beautiful.
Do you prefer listening to live performances or recorded music ?
Actually, I think I prefer listening to live performances simply because I can meet accomplished singers that I have great admiration for. In addition, I am always attracted by lively atmosphere and vibrant sounds at the concert.
Versatile (adj) (approving)
- (of a person) able to do many different things :Ex: He’s a versatile actor who has played a wide variety of parts.2. (of food, a building, etc) having many different uses :Ex: Eggs are easy to cook and are an extremely versatile food.
Portable (adj)
phía trước làVerbs : beAdverbs : easily, highly, very, completely, fully
prominent (adj)
- important or well known : a prominant politicianEx: He played a prominent part in the campaign.She was prominent in (well known) the fashion industry2. easily seenEx: The church tower was a prominent feature in the landscape.Collacation :Verbs: be, become, remainAdverb: especially, extremely, particularly, unsually, very, increasingly, fairly, quitePrep: as prominent as a player and coach, in prominent in the trade unions
irrefutable (adj)
-that cannot be proved wrong and that must therefore be accepted.irrefutable evidence
decent (adj)
of a good standard or qualitydecency (n) honest and polite behaviour
indispensable (adj)
too important = essentialcars have become an indispensable part of our lives.A good dictionary is indispensable for learning a foregin language.
keep abreast of (idiom)
to make sure that you know all the most recent facts about a subjectIt is almost impossible to keep abreast of all the lastest developments in computing.
prevalent (adj)
very common = widespreada prevalent view
dimension (n)
an aspect, a way of looking at or thinking about stha social dimension of unemployment
address (yourself to) sth
to think about a problem or a situation and decide how you are going to deal with it:Your essay does not address the real issues.We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.
Vulnerable (adj)Vulnerability (n)
vulnerable (to sb/sth) weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally Ex: In case of food poisoning, young children are especially vulnerable.The sudden resignation of the financial director put the company in a very vulnerable position.
affliction (n)
pain and suffering or sth that causes ittai nạn hoặc đau đớn
On account of sb/sth
because of sb/sthEx: She retired early on account of ill health
inextricable (adj)
too closely linked to be separated:an inextricable connection between the past and the present
trigger sth (off)
to make sth happen suddenlyNuts can trigger off a violen alleric reaction
lethal (adj)
causing or able to cause deatha lethal dose of poisona lethal weaponthe closure of the factory dealt a lethal blow to the town.
flexible (adj)inflexible (opp)flexibility (n)flexibly (adv)
1.(approving) able to chane to suit new conditions or situations Ex: a more flexible approachflexible working hoursOur plans need to be flexible enough to cater for the needs of everyone.You need to be more flexible and imaginative in your approach.2. able to bend easily without breaking : flexible plastic tubingComputers offer a much greater degree of flexibility in the way work is organized.Exercises to develop the flexibility of dancer’s bodies.
to be a double-edged sword
to be sth that both advantages and disadvantages/ metrit and dimetrit
cardiovascular (adj)
connect with the heart and the blood vessels = (the tubes that carry blood around the body)
In an acceleration pace of life/ modernization/ urbanization /globalization / industrialization nowadays /todayIn a contemporary world nowadays/ todayIn a so-called civilized society nowadays/today
In the eye-catching prosperity of the economy and the advent (invention) of the Internet/ media/ computers nowadays/todayIn a fascinating world full of constantly changing events nowadays/today ( News )In this world with greater material temptation/ afflluence/ prosperity nowadays ( Jobs, Money )In the era of knowledge-based economy nowadays
entrée (n)
entrance, access, entryEx: Her wealth and reputation gave her an entrée into upper-class circles ( elite group )
Linguistic (adj)
connected with language or the scientific study of language linguistic and cultural barriersa child’s innate (bẩm sinh) linguistic abilitynew development in linguistic theory
intellectual (adj)
mental, cognitive ( nhận thức )Intellectual curiosityIntellectual capacityIntellectual developmentCognitive capacity/ability
On account of
because of, thanks to, owing to, on the grounds of, due to
a wide/huge range ofa large number ofa diverse range ofa huge diversity ofa variety of a multitude ofa significant proportion of
Various/numerousa large amount ofa great deal ofa wealth ofa plenty ofa significant proportion ofEx : Studying a foreign language at the early age will bring/give/offer various opportunities of linguistic development of children.
window of opportunity (idiom)
Một khoảng thời gian ngắn để bạn có thể làm tốt được điều gì đó.Children are at the special “window of opportunity”
intuitive (adj)
obtained by using your feelings rather than by considering the facts.He had an intuitive sense of what the reader wanted.
Boots (v)
develop, enhance
absorb a language
picking up a language
accumulate (v)
build up (tích lũy)Accumulate millions of new words
Native-like (a)
Native-like accentThe best age for children to absorb a second language is their first years when cognitive capacity is growing, which will help/assist/enable them to accumulate millions of new words with native-like accent.
sensitive (adj)
delicate, soft, tender (nhạy cảm)
duplicate (v)
replicate, copy, imitatea duplicated form
tricky (adj)
demanding, difficult, challenginga tricky situationgetting it to fit exactly is a tricky bussinessthe equipment can be tricky to install
adolescent (n)
teenager, juvenilejuvenile delinquercy (tội phạm thiếu niên)
stumble over
fall, walk with difficulty I stumbled over a rockChildren have sensitive ears which enable them to duplicate tricky sounds that adults and adolescent stumble over.
Vanish (v)
disappear My vallet vanished from the desk
Bewilder (v)
distracted (adj) distraction (n)This ability will vanish when they get older, especially when they are bewilderd by many new things
