IDS Flashcards
How do Clostridium species typically appear when stained in the early stages of growth?
Gram-positive
Answer: B) Gram-positive
Which of the following Clostridium species is known to swarm on solid media?
C. septicum
Answer: D) C. septicum
What is the primary mode of transmission for Clostridium species?
Endospores in soil and feces
Answer: C) Endospores in soil and feces
Which toxin is considered one of the most potent known to humans?
Botulinum toxin
Answer: B) Botulinum toxin
What condition is commonly associated with Clostridium perfringens in agricultural regions?
Gas gangrene
Answer: B) Gas gangrene
Which of the following is NOT a life-threatening clostridial infection?
A. Tetanus
B. Myconecrosis
C. Chronic bronchitis
D. Toxic shock syndrome
C. Chronic bronchitis
Most frequently isolated clostridium spp from suppurative infection of the female genital tract
C. Perfringens
- What is the recommended empirical treatment for mixed aerobic/anaerobic infections of the abdomen?
A) Clindamycin alone
B) Ampicillin or ampicillin/sulbactam combined with clindamycin or metronidazole
C) Ticarcillin alone
D) Penicillin only
B) Ampicillin or ampicillin/sulbactam combined with clindamycin or metronidazole
C. perfringens type A is primarily associated with which of the following conditions?
A) Gas gangrene
B) Food-borne illness
C) Necrotizing fasciitis
D) Bacteremia
B) Food-borne illness
Which condition is characterized by extensive necrosis of the intestinal mucosa and is caused by C. perfringens type C?
A) Necrotizing fasciitis
B) Enteritis necroticans
C) Gas gangrene
D) Toxic shock syndrome
B. Enteritis necroticans
What is the primary mechanism by which C. perfringens enterotoxin causes illness?
A) Inhibiting protein synthesis
B) Forming pores in host cell membranes
C) Destroying red blood cells
D) Inducing apoptosis in immune cells
B) Forming pores in host cell membranes
Which of the following conditions is specifically associated with C. perfringens and can lead to gas formation in the biliary system?
A) Enteritis necroticans
B) Emphysematous cholecystitis
C) Gas gangrene
D) Tetanus
B) Emphysematous cholecystitis
Which species of Clostridium is known for being resistant to metronidazole and clindamycin?
A) C. perfringens
B) C. septicum
C) C. tertium
D) C. sordellii
C) C. tertium
What is the most fulminant type of gas gangrene infection?
A) C. novyi infection
B) C. histolyticum infection
C) C. perfringens myonecrosis
D) C. sordellii infection
C) C. perfringens myonecrosis
What environmental condition is necessary for the development of gas gangrene?
A) Aerobic environment
B) Anaerobic environment
C) High oxygen levels
D) Low moisture levels
B) Anaerobic environment
Which type of injury is particularly predisposed to traumatic gas gangrene?
A) Superficial cuts
B) Crush-type injuries
C) Sprains
D) Minor abrasions
B) Crush-type injuries
What is the recommended first-line antibiotic treatment for traumatic gas gangrene?
A) Vancomycin
B) Clindamycin
C) Metronidazole
D) Penicillin
D) Penicillin
Which toxin produced by C. perfringens is considered a major virulence factor?
A) β toxin
B) γ toxin
C) α toxin
D) θ toxin
C) α toxin
What type of patients are at increased risk for spontaneous gas gangrene due to C. septicum?
A) Healthy individuals
B) Those with diabetes
C) Individuals with neutropenia
D) Elderly patients
C) Individuals with neutropenia
Which diagnostic tool is useful for determining if a gas gangrene infection is localized or spreading?
A) Ultrasound
B) X-ray
C) CT and MRI
D) Blood tests
C) CT and MRI
How is a lung abscess characterized in terms of cavity size?
A) >1 cm
B) >2 cm
C) >5 cm
D) >10 cm
B. >2 cm
How is a lung abscess characterized in terms of cavity size?
A) >1 cm
B) >2 cm
C) >5 cm
D) >10 cm
B. >2 cm
What is the recommended duration of treatment for a primary lung abscess?
3–4 weeks to 14 weeks
What is the primary manifestation of Neisseria meningitidis infection in healthy individuals?
Asymptomatic colonization in the nasopharynx
Which two major forms of invasive disease does N. meningitidis typically present as?
Bacterial meningitis and meningococcal septicemia.
