idkdkdk real Flashcards
What advantages did western powers have during the age of imperialism?
Technological advancements (steamships, firearms), industrial revolution (need for raw materials and new markets), strong economies, political stability.
Why did European powers try to create discord amongst African tribes and African rulers?
To weaken potential resistance and make it easier to control and exploit the colonies by dividing and conquering local populations.
Colonial powers took control of large portions of which two continents during the 18th and 19th centuries?
Africa and Asia.
How was the Industrial Revolution a catalyst for imperialism and the expansion of European powers?
It created a demand for raw materials and new markets, and advances in transportation (steamships, railroads) allowed European powers to control vast colonies.
What were some of the societal and cultural changes that took place due to imperialism?
Cultural assimilation (imposition of Western culture, language, and religion), urbanization (rise of European-style cities), and Western-style education.
What were the political effects of imperialism?
Establishment of colonial governments (direct or indirect rule), the rise of resistance movements, and global conflicts arising from imperial rivalry.
What is Indirect Rule?
A system where local rulers maintain their positions under the oversight of a colonial power.
What is Direct Rule?
A system where the colonial power directly governs the colony, often replacing local leaders with European officials.
What is a Protectorate?
A region that maintains its own government but is controlled by a foreign power for protection and economic benefit.
What is a Sphere of Influence?
A region where a foreign power has exclusive rights to trade, invest, or develop.
What is the Balance of Trade?
The difference between a country’s imports and exports.
What is a Trade Surplus?
When a country exports more than it imports.
What is a Trade Deficit?
When a country imports more than it exports.
What is Indemnity?
A payment made by a country to another as compensation for damages or losses.
What is Extraterritoriality?
practice of foreigners being exempt from the laws of the country they are in.
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
A U.S. policy opposing European colonialism in the Americas, stating that any intervention in the Western Hemisphere would be seen as an act of aggression.
What is the Roosevelt Corollary?
An addition to the Monroe Doctrine stating the U.S. would intervene in Latin America to maintain stability and prevent European intervention.
What is the Treaty of Nanjing?
A treaty that ended the Opium War between Britain and China, ceding Hong Kong to Britain and opening Chinese ports to foreign trade.
What is Social Darwinism?
The application of Darwin’s theory of natural selection to human societies, used to justify imperialism and racism by claiming “superior” nations had the right to dominate “inferior” ones.
What is the “White Man’s Burden” (Rudyard Kipling)?
A poem by Kipling that depicted imperialism as a moral duty of Western powers to “civilize” non-Western nations.
Who was Cecil Rhodes?
A British businessman and imperialist who played a key role in the colonization of southern Africa and founded the De Beers mining company.
Who was Otto Von Bismarck?
The German chancellor who organized the Berlin Conference to divide Africa among European powers.
Who was Queen Liliuokalani?
The last monarch of Hawaii, overthrown by American businessmen, leading to Hawaii’s annexation by the United States.
What was the Open Door Policy?
A U.S. policy advocating for equal trading rights for all nations in China, aimed at preventing European and Japanese powers from establishing exclusive trading zones.
