idkc Flashcards
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What occurs in 3 major events during interphase?
G1 (growth 1) organelles and cytoplasm are formed and cells do normal activities.
S Phase (synthesis) all DNA is duplicated
G2 (growth 2) enzymes are produced and control the cell division.
DEFINITIONS AND TERMS
Metaphase- phase of mitosis where all chromosomes are lined up in a cell.
Telophase-where two nuclei begin to form.
Anaphase- chromatids separate.
Chromatin- uncoiled strands of DNA.
Chromatosis- two identical chromosomes that appear during telophase.
Centriole- organelles found in animal cells that produce spindle fibers.
Plasmid- small
circular DNA found in prokaryotes.
Prophase- stage of mitosis that takes up most of the time.
Centromeres- Location where chromatids are bonded.
Cytoskeleton Filaments- strands of protein that go from cell pole to cell pole.
Interphase- Nucleus and Nucleolus can be easily seen
while chromosomes are not visible during this cell cycle.
Cytokinesis- Cell division from the cytoplasm.
Binary Fission- prokaryotes are divided from cells.
Why is cytokinesis different in plant cells compared to animal cells?
Animal cells form cleavage
while plant cells build a cell plate.
Why can’t cells grow too large
and what happens if they do?
Cells can’t grow too large because a lower-to-surface volume limits efficient nutrient uptake and removal.
What’s the difference when prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells compose the same nucleotides?
Prokaryotic cells form a circular chromosome
while eukaryotic cells form multiple origins on linear chromosomes with extra regulations.
What are the main stages of the cell cycle?
Interphase and Mitotic phase.
True or False: The cell cycle consists of only two phases.
False.
Fill in the blank: The three subphases of interphase are G1, S, and ____.
G2.
What does the ‘S’ phase of interphase stand for?
Synthesis.
What is the primary event that occurs during the G1 phase?
Cell growth and preparation for DNA replication.
Multiple Choice: Which phase follows the S phase?
G2 phase.
What happens during the G2 phase?
Cell prepares for mitosis and checks for DNA damage.
True or False: Mitosis is part of interphase.
False.
What are the four stages of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
Fill in the blank: During prophase, the chromatin condenses into ____.
chromosomes.
What occurs during metaphase?
Chromosomes align at the cell’s equator.
Multiple Choice: What is the main function of anaphase?
Separation of sister chromatids.
What marks the end of mitosis?
Telophase.
True or False: Cytokinesis occurs after mitosis.
True.
Fill in the blank: Cytokinesis in animal cells involves the formation of a ____.
cleavage furrow.
What is the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
To ensure proper progression and prevent errors.
Multiple Choice: Which checkpoint assesses DNA damage before S phase?
G1 checkpoint.
What happens if a cell does not pass the G1 checkpoint?
It may enter a resting state (G0) or undergo apoptosis.
Fill in the blank: The phase that allows for DNA repair before mitosis is the ____ phase.
G2.
What is the significance of the M checkpoint?
It ensures that all chromosomes are attached to the spindle before anaphase.
True or False: The cell cycle is regulated only by internal factors.
False.
What are cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)?
Proteins that regulate the cell cycle.
Multiple Choice: Which phase is characterized by the highest rate of cell growth?
G1 phase.
What is the outcome of the cell cycle?
Two genetically identical daughter cells.
Fill in the blank: The phase where chromosomes are duplicated is known as the ____ phase.
S.
True or False: Each cell cycle lasts the same amount of time for all cell types.
False.
What happens during telophase?
Nuclear envelopes reform around each set of chromosomes.
