idk yet

Question 1

vertebral column sections

Answer 1

7 cervical 
12 thoracic
5 lumbar 
5 sacral 
4 coccygeal

Question 2

what’s different about the sacral and coccygeal vertebrae

Answer 2

they’re fused

Question 3

what atypical vertebrae allow head rotation

Answer 3

atlas and axis

Question 4

what’s atypical about the C7 vertebra

Answer 4

long spinous process non-bifid and small foramina transversus

Question 5

what are the 4 main curves of the spine

Answer 5

cervical, throracic, lumbar and sacral curvatures

Question 6

what type of joints are facet joints

Answer 6

synovial

Question 7

what movement do facet joints allow

Answer 7

flexion, extension and lateral flexion

Question 8

at what spinal levels does degeneration of the spinal column leading to spondylosis most commonly occur at

Answer 8

L4/5 or L5/S1

Question 9

where do motor neurones originate

Answer 9

anteriorly with bodies in the anterior grey horn

Question 10

where do sensory neurones originate

Answer 10

dorsally with their bodies in the dorsal ganglion root

Question 11

how do motor and sensory neurones run in the lumbar spine

Answer 11

together with 2 pairs at each level

Question 12

where does the spinal cord end

Answer 12

L1

Question 13

L1 is the junction between what

Answer 13

upper motor neurones and lower motor neurones

Question 14

what is the thecal sac

Answer 14

sheath surrounding the spinal cord/cauda equina

Question 15

the exiting nerve root passes under what

Answer 15

pedicle of the corresponding vertebra

Question 16

what type of nerve root is most commonly compressed in a prolapsed disc

Answer 16

the transversing (next to become exiting)

Question 17

if a disc prolapse is more lateral what type of nerve root is likely to be compressed

Answer 17

exiting

Question 18

what is the sciatica

Answer 18

dermatome in the lower leg - sensory distribution of the sciatic nerve

Question 19

what can cause sciatica

Answer 19

disc prolapse in L4, 5 and S1 vertebra

Question 20

what is myelopathy

Answer 20

injury to spinal cord that may cause severe compression

Question 21

what are the muscles of the spine that make up the erector spinae

Answer 21

semispinalus capitalis, spinalis, longismus, iliocostalis

Question 22

what are the ligaments of the spine

Answer 22

anterior longitudinal, posterior longitudinal, supraspinous, interspinous, ligamentum flavium

Question 23

what do the spinal ligaments contribute to

Answer 23

spinal stability

Question 24

what is a chance fracture

Answer 24

a fracture extending into all 3 columns of the spine

Question 25

what levels are anaesthesia and lumbar punctures performed at and why

Answer 25

L3/4 or L4/5

spinal cord normally ends at L1 but can be lower in some patients, this avoids hitting it

Question 26

at what spinal level is the posterior iliac crest

Answer 26

L4

Question 27

at what spinal level is the PSIS

Answer 27

S2