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2019 - Life Orientation > idk > Flashcards

idk Flashcards

1
Q

INDIVIDUALISTIC CULTURE

A

Cultural beliefs systems that look to benefit the self and immediate relationships. They focus on uniqueness and personal ambition.

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2
Q

COLLECTIVIST CULTURE

A

A cultural belief system that refers to emphasis on community, harmony and cooperation.

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3
Q

INCOME TAX

A
  • the government’s main source of income

- levied on all income and profits received by the taxpayer

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4
Q

WHAT DOES TAX GO TO

A
  • services (roads and hospitals)
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5
Q

SARS

A

South African Revenue Services

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6
Q

TAX THRESHOLD

A

the level of income at which you begin to pay tax

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7
Q

NON-COMPLIANCE

A

not doing something that is legally required

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8
Q

TAX DODGING

A

avoiding paying tax

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9
Q

STRESS

A

a reaction caused by ongoing or new pressures and demands

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10
Q

STRESSORS

A

the things that cause stress

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11
Q

PHYSICAL STRRSSORS

A

this is when physical factors cause stress that affects your body

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12
Q

EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL STRESSORS

A
  • lack of exercise
  • physical abuse
  • illness
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13
Q

EMOTIONAL STRESSORS

A

stressors that effect your thoughts and feelings

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14
Q

EXAMPLES OF EMOTIONAL STRESSORS

A
  • anxiety
  • anger
  • constant worry
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15
Q

SOCIAL STRESSORS

A

aspects of your relationships with others that cause stress

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16
Q

EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL STRESSORS

A
  • divorce, death
  • peer pressure
  • bullying
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17
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS

A
  • pollution (eg. air or water)
  • natural disasters
  • harmful living conditions
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18
Q

SYMPTOMS OF STRESS

A
  • feeling worried
  • feeling cold and shivering
  • headaches
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19
Q

EUSTRESS

A

positive stress

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20
Q

WHY IS EUSTRESS GOOD

A

can motivate and encourage you to push yourself

eg.) going for an interview

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21
Q

DISTRESS

A

negative/bad stress than can affect your quality of life

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22
Q

WHY DISTRESS IS BAD

A
  • can make you ill, unhappy and unproductive

- can lead to substance abuse

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23
Q

LOW LEVEL OF STRESS

A

you are still able to cope

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24
Q

AVERAGE LEVEL OF STRESS

A

still coping, but your stressors need attention before they become unmanageable

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25
Q

HIGH LEVEL OF STRESS

A

you urgently need to apply stress management methods to reduce stress

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26
Q

COPING MECHANISMS

A

ways to handle or deal with stress

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27
Q

MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES

A

the ways to deal with or manage and prevent stress

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28
Q

CONFLICT

A

happens when there are disagreements or struggles for power

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29
Q

INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT

A

conflict existing or occurring between people

eg.) a fight

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30
Q

INTRAPERSONAL CONFLICT

A

existing or occurring within yourself

eg.) wanting to study but also wanting to jol

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31
Q

CONFLICT RESOLUTION

A
  • make an outline of what the conflict is about
  • use ‘I’ statements to resolve
  • use assertive and listening skills
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32
Q

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE COMMUNICATION

A
  • personality
  • attitude and values
  • views and feelings
  • respect for the feelings of others
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33
Q

TRANSITION

A

movement or change from one stage to another

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34
Q

LIFE CYCLE

A

growth or progression through different stages of development

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35
Q

RITE OF PASSAGE

A

rituals or events that symbolize important stages in a person’s life

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36
Q

IMPORTANT STAGES IN LIFE CYCLE

A

birth
puberty
18/21 years old

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37
Q

WHY GETTING AN NSC IS IMPORTANT

A
  • allows you to study at a HEI
  • basic requirement for bursaries
  • required for many jobs
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38
Q

CORRUPTION

A

the misuse of public power and money for private benefit

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39
Q

FRAUD

A

getting money by cheating, stealing or doing dishonest deals

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40
Q

FORMS OF CORRUPT BEHAVIOR

A

bribery
stealing public resources
nepotism

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41
Q

INFLUENCE PEDDLING

A

the practice of using one’s influence in government to receive info or benefits

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42
Q

EXTORTION

A

obtaining money or favors through threats and force

43
Q

HOW CORRUPTION IMPACTS THE INDIVIDUAL

A
  • reduces the poor’s access to services
  • increases cost of public services
  • makes the poor feel cheated
44
Q

HOW CORRUPTION IMPACTS COMPANIES

A
  • people won’t trust officials
  • the company gets a bad name
  • people in the company mistrust each other
45
Q

HOW CORRUPTION IMPACTS COMMUNITIES

A
  • people start to develop mistrust

- community will believe the only way to access things is through bribery > corruption becomes the norm

46
Q

HOW CORRUPTION IMPACTS THE COUNTRY

A
  • unemployment inc
  • institutions will not develop
  • service delivery will not be at its best
47
Q

UNEMPLOYMENT

A
  • being without a job

- rate very high in SA

48
Q

WHAT UNEMPLOYMENT LEADS TO

A
  • fewer goods and services provided
  • poverty
  • businesses may close (losing money)
49
Q

REASONS FOR UNEMPLOYMENT

A
  • no jobs for people with certain skills
  • people with experience are preferred
  • overpopulation
50
Q

REASONS FOR YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT

A
  • businesses prefer experienced workers
  • lack of networking skills
  • poverty (lack of funds for further qualifications)
51
Q

IMPACT OF UNEMPLOYMENT

A
  • poverty
  • substance/other abuse
  • crime
52
Q

UNEMPLOYMENT CYCLE

A
  • no job
  • poverty, hunger
  • no money to find jobs
  • pressure at home
  • may just take any job
  • high risk of substance abuse and crime
53
Q

H-PASS

A

40 for Eng + 2

30 x 3

54
Q

D-PASS

A

H-pass + 40 x 4 excl LO

55
Q

B-PASS

A

H-pass + 50 x 4 excl LO

56
Q

SMART GOALS

A 
S pecfic
M easureable
A ctive (actions)
R ealistic
T imed (time frame)
57
Q

MAINTAINING RELATIONSHIPS

A
  • make personal rel a high priority
  • invest time in important rel
  • show appreciation
  • resolve problems a$ap
  • cooperation & communication
58
Q

REQUIREMENTS FOR A GOOD RELATIONSHIP

A
  • mutual respect
  • generosity
  • good listener
59
Q

GOOD STUDY SKILLS

A
  • flashcards, mindmaps, summaries

- be organised (study plan, place, organised)

60
Q

POSITIVES OF CHANGE

A
  • Potential of something better
  • New opportunities
  • Personal growth
61
Q

NEGATIVES OF CHANGE

A
  • Fear of the unknown
  • Leaving what you know and
    enjoy
  • Uncertainty
62
Q

DEALING WITH CHANGE

A
  • set attainable goals
  • have healthy support systems
  • think positively
63
Q

QUALITY OF LIFE

A

your level of personal well-being and satisfaction with your life; what the conditions of your life are

64
Q

POSITIVES OF CHANGE

A

exciting, challenging
new opportunities
can lead to personal growth

65
Q

NEGATIVES OF CHANGE

A

stress
insecurity, anxienty
not always for the better

66
Q

low-impact exercise

A

where at least one of your feet remains in contact w the ground at all times

67
Q

high-impact exercise

A

where both feet leave the ground at the same time, puts stress on the joints and muscles

68
Q

physical fitness

A

ability to perform physical activities vigorously, with energy left for other tasks

69
Q

flexibility

A

ability to move joints and use muscles through their full range of motion

70
Q

muscle endurance

A

the ability of your muscles to continue applying force

71
Q

BMI

A

a calculation of your body weight in comparison to your height

72
Q

study methods

A

flash cards
summaries
mind maps

73
Q

why is an SBA important

A

tells the teacher and you what you know and what you still need to learn

74
Q

counteracting unemployment

A

volunteering
part time jobs
entrepreneurship

75
Q

cronyism

A

favoritism to friends regardless of their qualifications

76
Q

duties as a responsible citizen

A

are aware of and respect human rights
obey the law
pay your taxes

77
Q

bill of rights

A

enshrines the human rights of all the people in our country and affirms the democratic views of human equality and freedom

78
Q

discrimination

A

you treat them unjustly and unfairly bc you see them as different from you

79
Q

role of media in democracy

A
  • to inform society about daily events that are newsworthy and entertaining
  • expose rights violations
  • report unlawful activity
  • expose corruption
80
Q

the media should…

A
  • be fair, honest, reliable
  • explain issues without being sensational
    promote free and fair elections
81
Q

when the media does not fulfill their roles

A
  • entertaining rather than informing
  • exaggerating dangers, making people scared for no reason
  • biased views, incorrect views
82
Q

freedom of expression

A

freely expressing your views and opinions through communication methods

83
Q

constitutional freedom of expression

A

freedom of press, media, artistic creativity, scientific research

84
Q

limitations for free of exp

A

war propaganda
incitement of violence
advocacy of hatred

85
Q

values

A

personal beliefs that guide the way you live your life

86
Q

lifestyle diseases

A

an illness that is linked to the way people live, can be prevented by changes in nutrition and lifestyle

87
Q

lifestyle diseases eg

A

cervical, lung cancer
hepatitis B
high blood pressure
TB, STIs

88
Q

health results of poverty

A

poor sanitation
food insecurity
hypertension due to stress

89
Q

gender roles

A

the different roles and resp assigned to men and women by society

90
Q

crises

A

an emergency situation that causes stress

91
Q

psychosomatic illness

A

sickness that involves both the mind and the body

92
Q

psychologial factors that lead to ill health

A

eg) if you have a low self esteem and think you are not worth demanding safe sex – no condom – can lead to HIV and STIs - stress and depression
stress can lead to health issues

93
Q

social factors that lead to ill health

A

the conditions which people live in lead to ill health
eg) foetal alcohol syndrome
asthma due to air pollution

94
Q

religious factors that lead to ill health

A
  • forbid condoms
  • Jehovah’s witnesses believe that only God can cure them so they refuse to seek help
  • potions and ingredients are mixed in certain cultures and given to people to take
95
Q

cultural practices that….

A

male son preferrence
circumcision
FGM
arranged marriage

96
Q

factors which contribute to lifestyle disease

A

unsafe sexual behavior
poor eating habits
substance abuse
lack of exercise

97
Q

preventing lifestyle disease

A
  • get rid of ciggs
    educating people
    encouraging safe sex, exercise, testing
98
Q

commitment in physical actiivites

A

stronger bones, reduced riskof lifestyle disease
clears mind, keeps it alert
make friends, improves teamwork

99
Q

trade union

A

an organisation that represents the interests of their members in the workplace

100
Q

Labour Relations Act

A
  • makes rules for relationships betw employer and employee
  • promotes employee rights
  • expects e and e to resolve conflict and issues through negotiation instead of strikes and court
101
Q

Employment equity act

A

promote equal opportunity in the workplace for employment

102
Q

Basic Conditions of employment Act

A
  • employers must give their employees details of their employment in writing
  • prevents child labor
103
Q

core elements of a job contract

A 
job title
place of work
hours
overtime
payment

2019 - Life Orientation (1 decks)

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