Ideology & System of Government (1855-1964) - Part 1 Flashcards
First Deck within the Year 12 Cycle
What is an ideology?
A set of beliefs on how a country should be run.
Name two features of a Tsar
A Tsar is: Divinely ordained by God,
Based on Hereditary rule,
Seen as a ‘Little Father’ and as such paternalistic,
Rules alone with chosen advisers.
What is autocracy?
A system of government where one person is in charge (Example: Tsarism)
What were the three Fundamental Laws of 1832?
‘Autocracy, Orthodoxy, Nationalism’
Who was Pobedonostsev?
Tutor to Alexander III & Nicholas II.
He was also in charge of the Holy Synod.
His role was to instil the Tsar’s boys in how to rule as autocratic monarchs.
What was Pobedonostsev’s views on Democracy?
He called it ‘The Greatest lie’ and cited that Democracy could never work in a country the size of Russia, as backward as Russia and as diverse as Russia.
What were the Tsars overall belief about reform of ideology?
Even though Alexander II abolished serfdom, they all believed that the more you reform the more opposition is allowed to grow. Alexander III would cite his father’s assassination as evidence of this.
What were the two years that Alexander II faced an assassination attempt and a successful assassination?
1866, 1881
Name one example of where ideology was adapted by a tsar – Clue: Nicholas II
In 1905 after the 1905 Revolution and threat of being deposed. Nicholas halved his opposition by installing a Duma (Parliament) which pleased the intellectuals known as Octoberists.
Which of the three Tsars entered a period known as ‘the reaction’, a period of a return to conservative values and governance.
Alexander III
Who came up with the ideology known as Marxism?
Karl Marx
What was Marx’s idea of ‘The superstructure’?
This was a body of institutions run by the rich elite at the expense of the vast population of peasants and workers.
What was Marx’s idea of the ‘Labour Theory of Value’
This was the idea that the labour/work of the workers was never valued by capitalist bosses. They received unfair wages for example.
What was Marx’s idea of ‘Dictatorship of the Proletariat’?
Marx predicted a class struggle where the workers would rule the country as a collective. A stage on its way to true real communism.
How did Lenin adapt Marx in ‘Leninism-Marxism’?
Lenin would adapt this to say the workers were not fully ready in Russia and a small working class elite would rule on their behalf. This is what Lenin justified after the October Revolution in 1917.
