Ideology difference Flashcards
Why did John Mason believe a Cold War started? A fundamental clash …
“A fundamental clash of ideologies.”
Both sides denied the legitimacy of the other side and created an arms race where they built up their military and nuclear arms, polarising the conflict, and then surprising dissidents.
What periods did David Reynolds believe the Cold War was split into?
1948-53, 1958-63, and then 1979-85.
Other Marxists believed that the War was between 1948-62, forgetting about how the war was worsened by Vietnam and the Second Cold War of 1979-85.
What were proxy conflicts?
Both sides would fund countries in conflict in order to polarise the Cold War.
What was the idea of Marxism, and who set this up?
This was established by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles. The proletariat would establish a takeover of the bourgeoise and establish an egalitarian state.
How was Marxism adapted for Russia? Who by? When was the Bolshevik Party set up?
Vladimir Ilych Lenin founded Lenin-Marxism. Russia lacked a large industrial proletariat. He believed revolution would be organised with a small compact core of revolutionaries to organise the proletariat of agriculture, wiping out the Tsarist scheme and establishing a dictatorship of the proletariat which would wither away once enemies were destroyed. Then there would be no crime, selfishness, or violence. The Bolshevik Party was set up in 1903 and Marx wrote an unfinished pamphlet named ‘ State and Revolution.’
What were capitalist ideas regarding economy, democracy, and religion?
The economy depended on investment of private businesses depending on the demand for goods by the market.
Liberal/democratic democracy involved electing parliament, with free speech and elections, equality before the law, ability to create wealth, and the ability to vote out unpopular parties.
Catholics opposed Communism as it was secular, and in 1979 Pope John Paul II of the Polish Roman Catholic Church created opposition.
What were communist ideas regarding economy, democracy, and religion?
Command economy was where the state controlled the production and supply of goods, as well as pricing. They had power over the industries and corporations.
Democracy was a way for puppet politicians to be controlled by capitalists. Economic democracy would get rid of the wealth gap between the rich and poor, and would determine the fate of mankind.
Marx considered religion the ‘opium of mankind,’ and Churches, mosques, and synagogues were wiped out.
Who foresaw the expansion of the US and USA as world powers in the 19th century?
Alexis de Tocqueville, a French historian.
Karl Marx agreed that their revolution may be the ‘prologue to world socialist revolution.’
Describe the 1918-22 Civil War…
As the Bolshevik Party secured control, the wartime alliance ended. The Whites fought against the Reds, with the French, British, Americans, and Japanese fighting. The Bolsheviks only strengthened and Britain withdrew in 1920.
Describe events at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference.
The English foreign minister Curzon suggested a Curzon line for the Poles 160km east of Warsaw. The Polish refused and invaded Ukraine. By August 1920, the Polish were driven back to Warsaw by the Reds. The French intervened and pushed the Russians back. As a result, the Treaty of Riga was set up giving the Polish Ukraine territory. Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, and Finland were set up to isolate Russia - a cordon sanitaire.
What policy did the USSR establish to strengthen their country? What did they create in 1919?
Socialism in one country was established to strengthen the communist control in Russia as Lenin felt the proletariat were not strong enough on their own. In 1919 Comintern was set to organise Communist groups in Western European countries.
Who did the Nazis hate? What actions were taken by the USSR to create security between 1934-36?
The Nazis hated Communism and the USSR - they wanted to annex it. In 1934, Russia joined the LoN and in 1935 attempted an alliance with France and Czechoslovakia, but the French were suspicious. In 1936, they defended the Spanish Republicans against the Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War.
What worsened West-East tensions in August 1938?
Germany wanted to invade Czechoslovakia but the USSR did not want this. The UK and France agreed with Germany on 29-30 September that they could have the Sudetenland behind the USSR’s back.
What alliance formed in 1939 between the Allies and the USSR and why did talks stop?
In 1939 Czechoslovakia was invaded. The Russians set up talks with France and the UK but talks stopped as the Russians pushed for intervention in small states and on Aug 17 asked for a passage between Romania and Poland to fight.
What happened to Poland in 1939?
In 1939 Poland accepted the Anglo-French Guarantee that they would not be invaded. On 24 Aug the USSR and Germany signed a non-aggression pact that involved both states gaining spheres of influence. The USSR would get Bessarabia in Romania and the Baltic states, and both would share Poland. On Sep 1, Poland was invaded, and this started war. On Sep 17, the USSR intervened and gained territory in East Poland.
