Ideologies and Historical Considerations Flashcards
Ideology
A system of ideas or philosophies that form political theories.
Democracy
A system of government where citizens vote.
Anarchism
Belief in the abolition of government.
Authoritarianism
Belief in the enforcement of structured government.
Libertarianism
A political system with limited government intervention.
Communism
Extreme left-wing political ideology that came from marxism. Supports classless society, shared resources, economic equality.
Socialism
Left-wing political ideology. Supports classless society, equality, public ownership.
Liberalism
Centre left-wing political ideology. Supports individual rights and freedoms, rule of law, limited government, separation of the church and state, equality, and market economies.
Progressivism
Support for social reform or change.
Conservatism
Centre right-wing political ideology. Supports traditional values, rights and freedoms, free markets, privatization, rule of law, limited government.
Fascism
Extreme right-wing politcal ideology. Supports authoritarianism and dictatorship, exclusion, nationalism, powerful military.
Political/Economic Spectrums
Ways to visualize various beliefs. Ex. left-wing/right-wing spectrum.
Thomas Hobbes
Absolute monarch/dictatorship
- freedom for security
- social contract
- against the divine right of kings
- state of nature
John Locke
Socially conservative and limited government
- natural rights and freedoms can be given away
- separation of church and state
- governments are chosen by the people, and they can be overthrown
- life, liberty, property
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
General will/socialist/democrat
- naturally good people sin because of society
- happy state of nature
- rights and freedoms for people
Montesquieu
Liberal
- separation of powers (legislative, executive, judiciary)
- free market
- against absolute power
Adam Smith
- founding father of the economy
- invisible hand and laissez-faire economy
- freedom for people
- importance of self-interest
John Stuart Mill
Liberal
- greatest happiness for greatest people
- rights and freedoms until others are harmed
Marxism
A political theory named after Karl Marx. What is now communism.
Industrial Revolution
Shifting from a agriculture dependant economy to a industrial dependant economy.
Self-Interest
Acting and making transactions that benefit the individual.
Federalism
A system of government where the power is split between two levels of government.
Limited Government
A principle of classical liberalism that means the government is not interfering or in total control.
Rule of Law
A principle of classical liberalism that means everyone is subject to the law no matter social class.
Social Contract
An agreement between members of society.
Natural Rights
Rights that individuals would have in the state of nature.
Status Quo
The way things currently are.
Reactionary
An individual or group that aims to prevent change.
Moderate
An individual or group that does not have extreme political views.
Radical
An individual or group that wants change.
Modern Liberalism
The way liberalism is done now. The political philosophy based on individual rights and freedoms and equality.
Classical Liberalism
The father of liberalism. Following the primary principles of natural rights, rule of law, consent of the governed, and limited government.
Privitisation
The transfer of affairs from public to private ownership.
Individualism
Valuing the interests of an individual and their role in society over the collective.
Collectivism
Valuing the rights of the community over the rights of the individual.
Neo-Conservative
Having traditional conservative views.
Neo-Liberal
Having traditional/classical liberal views.
