Ideologies Flashcards
is a consistent pattern of opinion on particular issues
Ideology
Ideology stems from
a core belief or set of beliefs.
The term ideology was coined by French philosopher who used it to refer to a new science of ideas
Count Antoine Destutt de Tracy
An ideology is basically a plan to
Improve society
People who favor giving the government a bigger role in the area of economic security are
Economic/Fiscal Liberals
People who oppose giving the government a bigger role in the area of economic security are
Economic/Fiscal Conservatives
People who favor giving the government a bigger role in the area of social lives
Social Conservatives
People who oppose giving the government a bigger role in the area of social lives are
Social Liberals
began in 1776 with the publication of the book The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith.
Classical Liberalism
The central thesis of The Wealth of Nations is that capital is best employed for the production and distribution of wealth under conditions of
governmental non-interference, or laissez-faire, and free trade.
Laissez-faire
Hands off
True wealth of nations
amount of goods and services produced by the people of a country.
Under _____y, the government supervised the economy with plans, grants monopolies, subsidies, tariffs, and other restraints on trade.
mercantilism
The ideology classical liberalism believes in the maxim,
“that government is best that governs less,” (Thomas Jefferson).
When did classical liberalism split into two and to what
Late 19th century, modern conservatism and modern liberalism
was a reaction to the defects of the laissez-faire system.
Modern liberalism
produced an underclass (the poor) who suffered the most during economic depressions.
The laissez-faire system
an advocate of liberalism in the 1880s argued that while liberalism tries to achieve a free society, economic developments take away that freedom.
Thomas Hill Green
proposes that the best practices and institutions in history should be conserved and change should be gradual.
Classic conservatism
argued that people are only partly rational, because they also have widely irrational passions.
Edmund Burke
In his classic treatise Leviathan, _______ argued that man’s natural state was war.
Thomas Hobbes
is the ideology that continues its allegiance to Adam Smith’s original doctrine of minimal government.
Modern conservatism
argued that Smith was right and that the free market is still the best environment.
Milton Friedman (Nobel Laureate)
can be defined as an ideology that rejects individualism, private ownership, and private profits in favor of a system based on economic
collectivism, governmental, societal or industrial group ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods and social responsibility.
Socialism/Communism
who advocated economic equality and common ownership of land is the Father of modern socialism.
François-Noel Babeuf
François-Noel Babeuf’s ideas were adapted and moderated by the so-called utopian socialists including
Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simonde (1760-1825) and François Marie Charles Fourier (1772-1837).
was active in worker uprisings in 1848,
Louis Blanc (1811-1882)
advocated a more down-to-earth form of socialism, including the establishment of worker-controlled councils and workshops.
Louis Blanc (1811-1882)
Founder of Marxism
Karl Marx (1818 - 1883)
Socialism/Communism is sometimes labeled
Marxism
broke with the more benign utopian socialists, asserting that a radical transformation of society could only be attained by open class conflict.
Marx and his associate Friedrich Engels
“All history is the history of class struggle.” This statement is based on two premises:
Marx and Engels opened their ______ with the bold assertion “All history is the history of class struggle.”
Communist Manifesto (1848)
Main feature of modern industrial capitalism is the streamlining of society into two antagonistic classes
capitalists who own the means of production, and the
proletariat, who have no choice but to work long hours for subsistence wages.
capitalists systematically exploit the workers and unwittingly lay the groundwork for a
proletarian revolution
The overthrow of capitalism comes as a result of the
widening of the gap between the rich and the poor.
the founder of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Lenin is the foremost leader of the
Russian Revolution of 1917
an ideology was articulated in the book The Quest for Evolutionary Socialism by Eduard Bernstein.
Social Democracy
He concluded that Marx has been wrong about the necessity for
collapse of the system and revolution.
Eduard Bernstein
Process of transforming private assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government of state
Nationalization
an ideology that stresses belief in the ability of men and women to establish functioning communities without the need for the apparatus of state.
Anarchism
claim that the state is a parasite and an enemy of the people.
Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876) and Peter Kropotkin (1842-1921)
This is a kind of anarchy where violence is a necessity to uproot the old system to counter resistance of the ruling class. It is intensely critical of social and political roles of religion in deceiving the people
Classical Anarchy
One’s protest may be in the form of radical pacifism, renouncing revolutionary violence against the state.
Anarcho-individualist
This praises the role of trade unions, advocates general strikes and prefers civil disobedience.
Anarcho-syndicalist
form of far-right, authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, as well as strong regimentation of society and of the economy
Fascism
is an ideology that rejects the view of the government as an instrument of traditional values and of economic security.
Libertarianism
is an ideology that favours an activist government as a means of promoting economic security as well as the personal values of people.
Populism
