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Contemporary World > Ideologies > Flashcards

Ideologies Flashcards

1
Q

is a consistent pattern of opinion on particular issues

A

Ideology

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2
Q

Ideology stems from

A

a core belief or set of beliefs.

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3
Q

The term ideology was coined by French philosopher who used it to refer to a new science of ideas

A

Count Antoine Destutt de Tracy

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4
Q

An ideology is basically a plan to

A

Improve society

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5
Q

People who favor giving the government a bigger role in the area of economic security are

A

Economic/Fiscal Liberals

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6
Q

People who oppose giving the government a bigger role in the area of economic security are

A

Economic/Fiscal Conservatives

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7
Q

People who favor giving the government a bigger role in the area of social lives

A

Social Conservatives

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8
Q

People who oppose giving the government a bigger role in the area of social lives are

A

Social Liberals

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9
Q

began in 1776 with the publication of the book The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith.

A

Classical Liberalism

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10
Q

The central thesis of The Wealth of Nations is that capital is best employed for the production and distribution of wealth under conditions of

A

governmental non-interference, or laissez-faire, and free trade.

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11
Q

Laissez-faire

A

Hands off

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12
Q

True wealth of nations

A

amount of goods and services produced by the people of a country.

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13
Q

Under _____y, the government supervised the economy with plans, grants monopolies, subsidies, tariffs, and other restraints on trade.

A

mercantilism

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14
Q

The ideology classical liberalism believes in the maxim,

A

“that government is best that governs less,” (Thomas Jefferson).

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15
Q

When did classical liberalism split into two and to what

A

Late 19th century, modern conservatism and modern liberalism

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16
Q

was a reaction to the defects of the laissez-faire system.

A

Modern liberalism

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17
Q

produced an underclass (the poor) who suffered the most during economic depressions.

A

The laissez-faire system

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18
Q

an advocate of liberalism in the 1880s argued that while liberalism tries to achieve a free society, economic developments take away that freedom.

A

Thomas Hill Green

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19
Q

proposes that the best practices and institutions in history should be conserved and change should be gradual.

A

Classic conservatism

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20
Q

argued that people are only partly rational, because they also have widely irrational passions.

A

Edmund Burke

21
Q

In his classic treatise Leviathan, _______ argued that man’s natural state was war.

A

Thomas Hobbes

22
Q

is the ideology that continues its allegiance to Adam Smith’s original doctrine of minimal government.

A

Modern conservatism

23
Q

argued that Smith was right and that the free market is still the best environment.

A

Milton Friedman (Nobel Laureate)

24
Q

can be defined as an ideology that rejects individualism, private ownership, and private profits in favor of a system based on economic
collectivism, governmental, societal or industrial group ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods and social responsibility.

A

Socialism/Communism

25
Q

who advocated economic equality and common ownership of land is the Father of modern socialism.

A

François-Noel Babeuf

26
Q

François-Noel Babeuf’s ideas were adapted and moderated by the so-called utopian socialists including

A

Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simonde (1760-1825) and François Marie Charles Fourier (1772-1837).

27
Q

was active in worker uprisings in 1848,

A

Louis Blanc (1811-1882)

28
Q

advocated a more down-to-earth form of socialism, including the establishment of worker-controlled councils and workshops.

A

Louis Blanc (1811-1882)

29
Q

Founder of Marxism

A

Karl Marx (1818 - 1883)

30
Q

Socialism/Communism is sometimes labeled

A

Marxism

31
Q

broke with the more benign utopian socialists, asserting that a radical transformation of society could only be attained by open class conflict.

A

Marx and his associate Friedrich Engels

32
Q

“All history is the history of class struggle.” This statement is based on two premises:

A
33
Q

Marx and Engels opened their ______ with the bold assertion “All history is the history of class struggle.”

A

Communist Manifesto (1848)

34
Q

Main feature of modern industrial capitalism is the streamlining of society into two antagonistic classes

A

capitalists who own the means of production, and the
proletariat, who have no choice but to work long hours for subsistence wages.

35
Q

capitalists systematically exploit the workers and unwittingly lay the groundwork for a

A

proletarian revolution

36
Q

The overthrow of capitalism comes as a result of the

A

widening of the gap between the rich and the poor.

37
Q

the founder of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

A

Vladimir Lenin

38
Q

Vladimir Lenin is the foremost leader of the

A

Russian Revolution of 1917

39
Q

an ideology was articulated in the book The Quest for Evolutionary Socialism by Eduard Bernstein.

A

Social Democracy

40
Q

He concluded that Marx has been wrong about the necessity for
collapse of the system and revolution.

A

Eduard Bernstein

41
Q

Process of transforming private assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government of state

A

Nationalization

42
Q

an ideology that stresses belief in the ability of men and women to establish functioning communities without the need for the apparatus of state.

A

Anarchism

43
Q

claim that the state is a parasite and an enemy of the people.

A

Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876) and Peter Kropotkin (1842-1921)

44
Q

This is a kind of anarchy where violence is a necessity to uproot the old system to counter resistance of the ruling class. It is intensely critical of social and political roles of religion in deceiving the people

A

Classical Anarchy

45
Q

One’s protest may be in the form of radical pacifism, renouncing revolutionary violence against the state.

A

Anarcho-individualist

46
Q

This praises the role of trade unions, advocates general strikes and prefers civil disobedience.

A

Anarcho-syndicalist

47
Q

form of far-right, authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, as well as strong regimentation of society and of the economy

A

Fascism

48
Q

is an ideology that rejects the view of the government as an instrument of traditional values and of economic security.

A

Libertarianism

49
Q

is an ideology that favours an activist government as a means of promoting economic security as well as the personal values of people.

A

Populism

Contemporary World (4 decks)

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