Ideologies

Question 1

is a consistent pattern of opinion on particular issues

Answer 1

Ideology

Question 2

Ideology stems from

Answer 2

a core belief or set of beliefs.

Question 3

The term ideology was coined by French philosopher who used it to refer to a new science of ideas

Answer 3

Count Antoine Destutt de Tracy

Question 4

An ideology is basically a plan to

Answer 4

Improve society

Question 5

People who favor giving the government a bigger role in the area of economic security are

Answer 5

Economic/Fiscal Liberals

Question 6

People who oppose giving the government a bigger role in the area of economic security are

Answer 6

Economic/Fiscal Conservatives

Question 7

People who favor giving the government a bigger role in the area of social lives

Answer 7

Social Conservatives

Question 8

People who oppose giving the government a bigger role in the area of social lives are

Answer 8

Social Liberals

Question 9

began in 1776 with the publication of the book The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith.

Answer 9

Classical Liberalism

Question 10

The central thesis of The Wealth of Nations is that capital is best employed for the production and distribution of wealth under conditions of

Answer 10

governmental non-interference, or laissez-faire, and free trade.

Question 11

Laissez-faire

Answer 11

Hands off

Question 12

True wealth of nations

Answer 12

amount of goods and services produced by the people of a country.

Question 13

Under _____y, the government supervised the economy with plans, grants monopolies, subsidies, tariffs, and other restraints on trade.

Answer 13

mercantilism

Question 14

The ideology classical liberalism believes in the maxim,

Answer 14

“that government is best that governs less,” (Thomas Jefferson).

Question 15

When did classical liberalism split into two and to what

Answer 15

Late 19th century, modern conservatism and modern liberalism

Question 16

was a reaction to the defects of the laissez-faire system.

Answer 16

Modern liberalism

Question 17

produced an underclass (the poor) who suffered the most during economic depressions.

Answer 17

The laissez-faire system

Question 18

an advocate of liberalism in the 1880s argued that while liberalism tries to achieve a free society, economic developments take away that freedom.

Answer 18

Thomas Hill Green

Question 19

proposes that the best practices and institutions in history should be conserved and change should be gradual.

Answer 19

Classic conservatism

Question 20

argued that people are only partly rational, because they also have widely irrational passions.

Answer 20

Edmund Burke

Question 21

In his classic treatise Leviathan, _______ argued that man’s natural state was war.

Answer 21

Thomas Hobbes

Question 22

is the ideology that continues its allegiance to Adam Smith’s original doctrine of minimal government.

Answer 22

Modern conservatism

Question 23

argued that Smith was right and that the free market is still the best environment.

Answer 23

Milton Friedman (Nobel Laureate)

Question 24

can be defined as an ideology that rejects individualism, private ownership, and private profits in favor of a system based on economic
collectivism, governmental, societal or industrial group ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods and social responsibility.

Answer 24

Socialism/Communism

Question 25

who advocated economic equality and common ownership of land is the Father of modern socialism.

Answer 25

François-Noel Babeuf

Question 26

François-Noel Babeuf's ideas were adapted and moderated by the so-called utopian socialists including

Answer 26

Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simonde (1760-1825) and François Marie Charles Fourier (1772-1837).

Question 27

was active in worker uprisings in 1848,

Answer 27

Louis Blanc (1811-1882)

Question 28

advocated a more down-to-earth form of socialism, including the establishment of worker-controlled councils and workshops.

Answer 28

Louis Blanc (1811-1882)

Question 29

Founder of Marxism

Answer 29

Karl Marx (1818 - 1883)

Question 30

Socialism/Communism is sometimes labeled

Answer 30

Marxism

Question 31

broke with the more benign utopian socialists, asserting that a radical transformation of society could only be attained by open class conflict.

Answer 31

Marx and his associate Friedrich Engels

Question 32

“All history is the history of class struggle.” This statement is based on two premises:

Question 33

Marx and Engels opened their ______ with the bold assertion “All history is the history of class struggle.”

Answer 33

Communist Manifesto (1848)

Question 34

Main feature of modern industrial capitalism is the streamlining of society into two antagonistic classes

Answer 34

capitalists who own the means of production, and the proletariat, who have no choice but to work long hours for subsistence wages.

Question 35

capitalists systematically exploit the workers and unwittingly lay the groundwork for a

Answer 35

proletarian revolution

Question 36

The overthrow of capitalism comes as a result of the

Answer 36

widening of the gap between the rich and the poor.

Question 37

the founder of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Answer 37

Vladimir Lenin

Question 38

Vladimir Lenin is the foremost leader of the

Answer 38

Russian Revolution of 1917

Question 39

an ideology was articulated in the book The Quest for Evolutionary Socialism by Eduard Bernstein.

Answer 39

Social Democracy

Question 40

He concluded that Marx has been wrong about the necessity for collapse of the system and revolution.

Answer 40

Eduard Bernstein

Question 41

Process of transforming private assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government of state

Answer 41

Nationalization

Question 42

an ideology that stresses belief in the ability of men and women to establish functioning communities without the need for the apparatus of state.

Answer 42

Anarchism

Question 43

claim that the state is a parasite and an enemy of the people.

Answer 43

Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876) and Peter Kropotkin (1842-1921)

Question 44

This is a kind of anarchy where violence is a necessity to uproot the old system to counter resistance of the ruling class. It is intensely critical of social and political roles of religion in deceiving the people

Answer 44

Classical Anarchy

Question 45

One’s protest may be in the form of radical pacifism, renouncing revolutionary violence against the state.

Answer 45

Anarcho-individualist

Question 46

This praises the role of trade unions, advocates general strikes and prefers civil disobedience.

Answer 46

Anarcho-syndicalist

Question 47

form of far-right, authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, as well as strong regimentation of society and of the economy

Answer 47

Fascism

Question 48

is an ideology that rejects the view of the government as an instrument of traditional values and of economic security.

Answer 48

Libertarianism

Question 49

is an ideology that favours an activist government as a means of promoting economic security as well as the personal values of people.

Answer 49

Populism